Table 4.

Relationships between mushroom consumption and incident prostate cancer by clinical stage (n = 36,499)

	Mushroom consumption			p‐trend1
	<1 time/week	1–2 times/week	≥3 times/week
All participants	15,958	13,124	7,417
Person‐years	261,927	204,128	108,342
Localized prostate cancer
Incident prostate cancer (%)	1.36	1.31	1.25
Incidence rate/1,000 person‐years	0.83	0.84	0.86
Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)2	1.00	0.88 (0.72, 1.09)	0.83 (0.64, 1.08)	0.130
Advanced and metastatic prostate cancer
Incident prostate cancer (%)	0.86	0.76	0.69
Incidence rate/1,000 person‐years	0.52	0.49	0.47
Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)2	1.00	0.90 (0.69, 1.18)	0.75 (0.53, 1.06)	0.103

Analysis by the Cox proportional hazards model.

¹ Probability value for trend was computed by entering the categories as a continuous term (score variable: 1, 2 or 3) in the Cox model.

² Adjusted for family history of cancer (yes or no), BMI (<18.5, 18.5–25, 25–30, ≥30 or missing), education level (age at last school graduation: <19 years, ≥19 years or missing), smoking status (never, former, current or missing), alcohol drinking (never, former, current or missing), time spent walking (<0.5 hr/day, 0.5–1 hr/day, ≥1 hr/day or missing), and five groups of consumption volume of meat, vegetables, fruit, dairy products, coffee and energy intake (quartile categories or missing).