Table 5.
Relationships between mushroom consumption and incident prostate cancer by other food consumption (participants whose food consumption were unavailable were excluded for each item, respectively)
| Mushroom consumption | p‐trend1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 time/week | 1–2 times/week | ≥3 times/week | ||
| Vegetables and fruit consumption < median (n = 15,655) | 8,873 | 5,182 | 1,600 | |
| Person‐years | 147,979 | 81,323 | 23,588 | |
| Incident prostate cancer (%) | 3.04 | 3.22 | 2.25 | |
| Incidence rate/1,000 person‐years | 1.82 | 2.05 | 1.53 | |
| Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)2 | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.85, 1.27) | 0.69 (0.48, 0.98) | 0.166 |
| Vegetables and fruit consumption ≥ median (n = 15,636) | 4,580 | 6,235 | 4,821 | |
| Person‐years | 75,796 | 97,978 | 71,154 | |
| Incident prostate cancer (%) | 4.00 | 3.32 | 3.51 | |
| Incidence rate/1,000 person‐years | 2.41 | 2.11 | 2.38 | |
| Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)2 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.71, 1.06) | 0.90 (0.72, 1.11) | 0.309 |
| Meat consumption < median (n = 14,257) | 7,006 | 4,763 | 2,488 | |
| Person‐years | 114,624 | 72,898 | 35,226 | |
| Incident prostate cancer (%) | 3.20 | 3.15 | 3.22 | |
| Incidence rate/1,000 person‐years | 1.95 | 2.06 | 2.27 | |
| Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)2 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.75, 1.15) | 0.92 (0.70, 1.22) | 0.495 |
| Meat consumption ≥ median (n = 14,876) | 5,431 | 5,966 | 3,409 | |
| Person‐years | 75,796 | 97,978 | 71,154 | |
| Incident prostate cancer (%) | 3.44 | 3.30 | 2.85 | |
| Incidence rate/1,000 person‐years | 2.01 | 2.04 | 1.86 | |
| Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)2 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.75, 1.13) | 0.70 (0.54, 0.91) | 0.010 |
| Dairy products consumption < median (n = 14,876) | 7,137 | 5,234 | 2,505 | |
| Person‐years | 147,979 | 81,323 | 23,588 | |
| Incident prostate cancer (%) | 3.01 | 3.19 | 2.87 | |
| Incidence rate/1,000 person‐years | 1.80 | 2.01 | 1.88 | |
| Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)2 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.80, 1.21) | 0.80 (0.60, 1.06) | 0.167 |
| Dairy products consumption ≥ median (n = 14,978) | 5,775 | 5,661 | 3,542 | |
| Person‐years | 75,796 | 97,978 | 71,154 | |
| Incident prostate cancer (%) | 3.76 | 3.25 | 3.08 | |
| Incidence rate/1,000 person‐years | 2.23 | 2.05 | 2.10 | |
| Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)2 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.71, 1.07) | 0.78 (0.61, 0.998) | 0.041 |
Analysis by the Cox proportional hazards model.
Probability value for trend was computed by entering the categories as a continuous term (score variable: 1, 2 or 3) in the Cox model.
Adjusted for family history of cancer (yes or no), BMI (<18.5, 18.5–25, 25–30, ≥30 or missing), education level (age at last school graduation: <19 years, ≥19 years or missing), smoking status (never, former, current or missing), alcohol drinking (never, former, current or missing), time spent walking (<0.5 hr/day, 0.5–1 hr/day, ≥1 hr/day or missing) and five groups of consumption volume of meat, vegetables, fruit, dairy products, coffee and energy intake (quartile categories or missing).