Figure 5.

Effects on CD8⁺IFNγ⁺ cellular immunogenicity of different vaccination regimes and putative escape mutation. Male SD rats (n = 6/group) were vaccinated and challenged 4 weeks after final vaccination as described in Table 1. CD8⁺IFNγ⁺ responses from PBMCs are shown (A) 2 days prior to infection, (B) 4 weeks postinfection, and (C) at EOT. CD8⁺IFNγ⁺ responses at EOT are shown for (D) splenocytes and (E) liver‐infiltrating lymphocytes. (F) A rat vaccinated by intramuscular injection of 10⁸ i.u. ChAd‐NS and challenged 4 weeks later by intravenous injection of 10⁶ vp of RHV showed initial control of virus but subsequent breakthrough infection. RHV RNA was isolated from serum taken following breakthrough and sequence data obtained by next generation sequencing. Shown are the ELISpot responses from splenocytes stimulated with either wild‐type (black bars) or mutant (gray bars) forms of putative T‐cell epitopes (epitopes listed as wild‐type sequences). Abbreviation: SFU, spot‐forming unit.