Table 4.

Findings from sleep quality articles

Article	Measure	Measure method	Association
Alamian et al (2016)33	Infant sleep problems: score of multiple sleep measure, according to three classifications	Parent report	✓ NEG (LT)
Berentzen et al (2014)44	Difficulty getting up, feeling rested, daytime sleepiness	Self‐report	NS
El‐Sheikh et al (2014)21	School Sleep Habits Survey (10 item sleep wake problem scale)	Self‐report	✓ NEG (LT, girls only)
Ferrari et al (2017)66	The Diet and Lifestyle Questionnaire (how well slept)	Self‐report	NS
Firouzi et al (2013)67	CSHQ: parent report total sleep disorder score (34 items)	Parent report	✓ NEG
García‐Hermoso et al (2017)68	Sleep Self‐Report (SSR), Spanish version (19 items)	Self‐report	✓ NEG (girls only)
Hiscock et al (2011)74	Parent report: on sleep problem (single question‐none/mild); sleep problem (mod/severe)	Parent report	NS
Hjorth et al (2014)75	CSHQ: parent report sleep disturbances (33 item)	Parent report	NS (CS and LT)
Jing Jing et al (2017)78	Likert scale (very good, good, fair, poor, very poor)	Self‐reported	NS
Khan et al (2017)81	Likert scale (child snores, if they ever wake up unrefreshed in the morning and if they were sleepy during the daytime), dichotomized into good vs poor	Parent report	✓ NEG
Liu et al (2011)92	Sleep Behavior Questionnaire: total sleep behavior score (11 items on sleep problems)	Parent report	✓NEG
Lumeng et al (2007)94	CSHQ: parent report sleep disturbances General sleep problem score (27 items)	Parent report	NS (CS and LT)
Wang et al (2017)136	CSHQ: self‐report total sleep disorder score (21 items)	Self‐report	NS

Abbreviations: CSHQ = Child Sleep Health Questionnaire; ✓ = significant association reported; NS = no significant association with weight status; NEG = negative association with weight status (better sleep quality reduces weight status); CS = cross‐sectional association; LT = longitudinal association.