Table 2.
Characteristics of the interventions in the included trials
| Intervention type | Number of trials [Refs] |
|---|---|
| Education alone | 9 [33, 43, 44, 46,S6,S10,S12,S21] |
| Education and counselling | 3 28, 30, 38 |
| Education and low‐calorie diet | |
| Low carbohydrate | 9 [31, 47, 48, 49,S4,S9,S11,S14,S17] |
| Low fat | 3 [S18,S20,S24] |
| Counselling and physical activity | 3 [36,S7,S22] |
| Education and modified fasting protocol | 2 [S3,S23] |
| Education and meal replacements | |
| Low fat | 7 [7, 29, 32, 34, 39, 50,S8] |
| Low carbohydrate | 3 [40,S5,S25] |
| Education and physical activity | 4 [35,S2,S13,S16] |
| Education and motivational interviewing | 1 42 |
| Education and mindfulness | 2 [37,S1] |
| Education and coaching | 3 [41, 45,S15] |
| Intervention deliverer | Number of trials |
| Dietician | 25 |
| Nurse | 17 |
| Physician | 14 |
| Diabetes educator | 6 |
| Exercise physiologist | 4 |
| Nutritionist | 3 |
| Counsellor | 2 |
| Community health worker | 1 |
| Physiotherapist | 1 |
| Psychologist | 2 |
| Peer Coach | 1 |
| Not stated | 5 |
| Intervention delivered by one professional | 11 (psychologist [S16] physician 30, dietician, [43, 47, 49,S17,S24] peer coach 41 and diabetes coach/educator [45,S1,s5]) |
| Intervention delivered by a team | 37 |
| Unclear who delivered intervention | 1 [S23] |
| Duration of intervention (months) | Number of interventions and frequency of contacts |
| 2 | 1 intervention with 2 contacts 28 |
| 3 | 10 interventions, contacts ranged from 2 [S2] to 90 45 |
| 4 | 4 interventions, contacts ranged from 2 [S13] to 17 [S25] |
| 5 | 2 interventions, contacts ranged from 19 32 to 20 46 |
| 6 | 7 interventions, contacts ranged from 1 [S18] to 47 42 |
| 8 | 1 intervention with 20 contacts 29 |
| 10 months | 3 interventions, contacts ranged from 1 [S19] to 30 48 |
| 12 months | 17 interventions, contacts ranged from 3 30 to 54 38 |
| 18 months | 1 intervention with 27 contacts [S7] |
| 24 months | 3 interventions with contacts ranging from 4 contacts [S14] to 21 [S9] |
| Tailoring of intervention | |
| Personalized feedback | Number of trials |
| 4 provided feedback on diet 30, 32, 39, 42 | |
| 4 provided feedback on physical activity [28,30,42,S19] | |
| 3 provided feedback on weight, BMI or waist circumference [54,S15,S19] | |
| 2 provided feedback on accelerometers step count [28,S4] | |
| 1 provided feedback on step count [S19] | |
| 4 provided feedback on glucose levels [28, 45,S15,S19] | |
| Additional resources for individuals not achieving weight loss targets | Offered exercise and cooking classes, exercise equipment, food coupons or meal replacements and weight loss medication 39 |
| Meal replacements, individualized dietary advice and weight loss medication 7 | |
| Extended weight loss phase if weight loss goal not achieved. [S23,S25] or calorie prescription adjusted if desired weight loss not being achieved 47 | |
| Additional contacts with intervention deliverers | 5 [38, 40, 45,S14,S19] |