Figure 8.

The mechanism diagram about exosomes from MT‐treated VSMCs could attenuate vascular calcification and ageing in a paracrine manner through an exosomal miR‐204/miR‐211. MT can antagonise VSMC osteogenic differentiation and senescence through exosome paracrine mechanism. In addition, MT‐treated VSMCs can secrete exosomal miR‐204/miR‐211 to antagonise VSMC osteogenic differentiation and senescence as well as vascular calcification and ageing. BMP2 was revealed to be a potential target of miR‐204 and miR‐211 and increased VSMC osteogenic differentiation and senescence