Table 3. Outcomes From Baseline to 16 Weeks, Intervention vs Usual Care.
| Outcome | Time after baseline, wk | Intervention | Usual care | Between-group difference in change from baselinea | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, No. | Score, mean (SE) | Change from baseline, mean (SE) | Participants, No. | Score, mean (SE) | Change from baseline, mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Effect size, d | P value | ||
| Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale | 0 | 82 | 65.2 (1.3) | NA | 76 | 61.2 (1.4) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 8 | 46 | 65.3 (1.7) | 0.7 (1.7) | 46 | 60.5 (1.7) | 1.1 (1.6) | −0.4 (2.4) | −0.03 | .88 | |
| 16 | 32 | 66.9 (2.1) | 50 | 63.9 (1.7) | ||||||
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | ||||||||||
| Anxiety | 0 | 82 | 3.9 (0.3) | NA | 76 | 3.7 (0.3) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 8 | 47 | 4.5 (0.4) | 0.3 (0.3) | 46 | 3.9 (0.4) | 0.4 (0.3) | −0.1 (0.5) | −0.02 | .88 | |
| 16 | 32 | 3.8 (0.5) | 50 | 4.2 (0.4) | ||||||
| Depression | 0 | 82 | 4.7 (0.3) | NA | 76 | 4.8 (0.4) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 8 | 47 | 4.6 (0.4) | −0.2 (0.4) | 46 | 4.5 (0.4) | −0.3 (0.3) | 0.1 (0.5) | 0.03 | .86 | |
| 16 | 32 | 4.5 (0.5) | 50 | 4.4 (0.4) | ||||||
| Montgomery-Borgatta Caregiver Burden Scale | ||||||||||
| Objective | 0 | 82 | 20 (0.3) | NA | 76 | 19.9 (0.3) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 8 | 46 | 19.8 (0.4) | −0.1 (0.4) | 46 | 19.9 (0.4) | −0.1 (0.4) | 0 (0.5) | 0 | >.99 | |
| 16 | 32 | 20.2 (0.5) | 50 | 19.7 (0.4) | ||||||
| Demand | 0 | 82 | 11.6 (0.2) | NA | 76 | 11.5 (0.3) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 8 | 46 | 11.7 (0.3) | −0.1 (0.3) | 46 | 12 (0.3) | 0.2 (0.3) | −0.4 (0.4) | −0.18 | .35 | |
| 16 | 32 | 11.1 (0.4) | 50 | 11.6 (0.3) | ||||||
| Stress | 0 | 82 | 12.2 (0.3) | NA | 76 | 12.2 (0.3) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 8 | 46 | 12.1 (0.3) | −0.3 (0.3) | 46 | 12.5 (0.3) | 0.1 (0.3) | −0.4 (0.4) | −0.16 | .38 | |
| 16 | 32 | 11.7 (0.4) | 50 | 12.2 (0.3) | ||||||
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
a
Intervention minus usual care group; change between groups was calculated as mean follow-up (weeks 8 and 16) minus baseline; P values are from the time by group interaction term in longitudinal models; d was calculated as mean difference in change from baseline divided by baseline pooled standard deviation.