Table 2.

Major compounds of different CEOs and functions.

Compounds	Class	Plant Parts Analyzed	Citrus Species	Functions	References
Limonene	Monoterpene	Flower, peel, leaf	Mandarin, orange, pummelo, lemon	Anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, lipid lowering	[75,76,77]
α-pinene	Monoterpene	Flower, peel, leaf	Mandarin, orange, pummelo, lemon	Antimicrobial	[76,78,79]
Camphene	Monoterpene	Peel, leaf	Lemon, lime, pummelo, mandarin, sour orange	Lipid lowering	[80,81]
β-pinene	Monoterpene	Flower, peel, leaf	Pummelo, mandarin, orange, lemon	Antifungal	[78,82]
Sabinene	Monoterpene	Flower, peel, leaf	Pummelo, mandarin, orange, lemon	Antifungal	[75,76,78]
α-phellandrene	Monoterpene	Peel, leaf	Mandarin, orange	Insecticidal activity	[75,83]
β-myrcene	Monoterpene	Flower, leaf	Pummelo, mandarin, orange, lemon	Antifungal, embryofoetotoxicity	[76,78,84]
(E)/(Z)-ocimene	Monoterpene	Flower, peel, leaf	Pummelo, mandarin, orange, lemon	Antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-oxidative, antiseptic effects	[75,76,78]
Valencene	Sesquiterpenes	Fruit, peel	Blood orange, Citrus limon L	Anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic effects	[71]
β-/δ-elemene	Sesquiterpenes	Flower, peel, leaf	Pummelo, orange, lemon, grapefruit	Anti-glioblastoma, anticancer	[76,78,85]
α-/β-copaene	Sesquiterpenes	Flower, peel	Pummelo, mandarin, orange, lemon	Attractant for male fruit flies	[76,78,86]
(E)-/β-caryophyllene	Sesquiterpenes	Flower, peel, leaf	Pummelo, mandarin, orange, lemon	Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, anticancer, antioxidant	[76,78,87]
α-humulene	Sesquiterpenes	Peel	Pummelo, mandarin, orange, lemon	Anticancer	[75,76,87]
Geranial	Sesquiterpene aldehyde	Flower, leaf	Mandarin, orange, lemon	Antifungal	[76,78,88]
Geraniol	Terpene alcohol	Flower, leaf	Pummelo, mandarin, orange, lemon	Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant	[76,78,89]
α-/β-citronellol	Monoterpene alcohol	Flower, leaf	Orange, lemon, mandarin	Anti-inflammatory, increase perspiration	[76,78]
Neral	Monoterpene aldehyde	Leaf, peel	Lemon	Antifungal	[76,88]
Nerol	Monoterpene alcohol	Flower, leaf	Orange, lemon, mandarin, pummelo	Antimicrobial	[76,78,90]
α-terpineol	Monoterpene alcohol	Leaf, peel	Lemon	Antifungal	[76,82]
Linalool	Monoterpene alcohol	Flower, peel, leaf	Orange, lemon, mandarin, pummelo	Antidiabetic	[75,76,78,91]
Thymol	Monoterpene phenol	Flower	Orange, mandarin,	Antimicrobial	[78,92]