Table 4.

Health Education Impact Questionnaire results for all participants in Our Whole Lives for Chronic Pain study (N=35).

Subscale names	Baseline mean	Follow-up mean	Mean change	Group-change effect sizea	Percent with reliable increase (%)	Percent with reliable decrease (%)	Net positive change (%)
Health-directed behavior	2.72	2.94	0.22	0.35	19	3	17
Positive and active engagement in life	2.99	3.17	0.15	0.28	19	6	14
Self-monitoring and insight	3.12	3.21	0.07	0.17	19	11	8
Constructive attitudes and approaches	3.09	3.16	0.04	0.08	11	8	3
Skill and technique acquisition	2.82	3.07	0.25	0.51	28	6	22
Social integration and support	2.84	2.98	0.12	0.20	19	6	14
Health services navigation	3.17	3.26	0.09	0.19	14	8	6
Emotional distressb	2.54	2.40	−0.10	−0.16	11	8	3

^aPercentages are the proportions of participants who exceeded the threshold for reliable change.

^bPercentages for emotional distress are reversed—the proportions in the positive reliable change cell are of those participants who had a reliably greater negative score on emotional distress at follow-up.