Table 3.
Proportional change in the intervention group compared with the control group, from baselinea
| Outcome | Comparing t 1 to t 0 | Comparing t 2 to t 0 | Distribution | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ratiob (95% CI) | Unadjusted p‐value | Holm's adjusted p‐valuec | Ratiob (95% CI) | Unadjusted p‐value | Holm's adjusted p‐valuec | ||
| Primary outcomes | |||||||
| ECBI: intensity score | 0.9636 (0.9152–1.0147) | .1592 | 1.000 | 0.9645 (0.9092–1.0232) | .2296 | 1.0000 | Gaussian |
| ECBI: problem score | 0.8897 (0.8043–0.9841) | .0232 | .534 | 0.9833 (0.8578–1.1271) | .8082 | 1.0000 | Gaussian |
| Positive Parenting: frequency | 1.1015 (1.0534–1.1518) | <.0001 | .003 | 0.9897 (0.9461–1.0352) | .6498 | 1.0000 | Gaussian |
| Positive Parenting: problem | 0.8036 (0.6807–0.9486) | .0100 | .250 | 1.0719 (0.8707–1.3195) | .5131 | 1.0000 | Negative Binomial |
| Nonviolent Discipline | 1.0397 (0.9397–1.1502) | .4508 | 1.000 | 1.1669 (1.0432–1.3053) | .0071 | .199 | Negative Binomial |
| Physical Discipline | 0.7230 (0.5821–0.8981) | .0035 | .091 | 0.9583 (0.7451–1.2325) | .7401 | 1.0000 | Negative Binomial |
| Psychological Discipline | 0.8642 (0.7354–1.0157) | .0770 | 1.000 | 1.0516 (0.8744–1.2646) | .5933 | 1.0000 | Negative Binomial |
| Observed Positive Parenting | 1.3914 (1.2940–1.4962) | <.0001 | .003 | 1.2410 (1.1301–1.3628) | <.0001 | .003 | Poisson |
| Observed Positive Child Behavior | 1.1098 (1.0578–1.1644) | <.0001 | .003 | 1.1675 (1.0943–1.2456) | <.0001 | .003 | Poisson |
| Observed Negative Parenting | 1.0353 (0.8909–1.12031) | .6510 | 1.000 | 0.8330 (0.6923–1.0022) | .0528 | 1.000 | Poisson |
| Observed Negative Child Behavior | 1.1003 (0.9019–1.3425) | .3462 | 1.000 | 1.2009 (0.8558–1.6852) | .2895 | 1.000 | Poisson |
| Secondary outcomes: | |||||||
| Caregiver Depression | 0.7990 (0.6675–0.9565) | .0148 | .355 | 0.9343 (0.7752–1.1260) | .4756 | 1.0000 | Negative Binomial |
| Caregiver Social Support | 0.9949 (0.9258–1.0691) | .8881 | 1.000 | 1.0088 (0.9335–1.0901) | .8250 | 1.0000 | Gaussian |
| Poor Monitoring and Supervision | 1.0391 (0.9881–1.0929) | .1359 | 1.000 | 1.0132 (0.9608–1.0685) | .6289 | 1.0000 | Negative Binomial |
| Parenting Stress (reversed)d | 0.9276 (0.8832–0.9742) | .0028 | .076 | 0.9576 (0.9098–1.0079) | .0976 | .5856 | Negative Binomial |
a
Models controlled for child age and sex, and community.
b
Ratio of change from t 0 to t 1 or t 2 in intervention group to change from t 0 to t 1 or t 2 in control group as estimated by exp(ß) for the interaction effect between group and time components.
c
Adjusted for 30 comparisons, to account for two comparisons for each of 15 outcomes.
d
Parenting Stress was reversed to improve model fit; decreased scores imply increase in parenting stress.