Table 2.

Frequencies of Yes/No answers of the combat exposure scale among Israeli combat veterans (N = 191).

	Frequencies
Combat exposure scale items	Yes	No
Being attacked or ambushed	46%	54%
Receiving incoming artillery, rocket, or mortar fire	39%	61%
Being shot at or receiving small-arms fire	20%	80%
Shooting or directing fire at the enemy	49%	51%
Being responsible for the death of an enemy combatant	14%	86%
Being responsible for the death of a noncombatant	4%	96%
Seeing dead bodies or human remains	39%	61%
Handling or uncovering human remains	17%	83%
Seeing dead or seriously injured IDF soldiers	26%	74%
Knowing someone seriously injured or killed	71%	29%
Participating in demeaning operations	12%	88%
Seeing ill or injured women or children whom you were unable to help	16%	84%
Being wounded or injured	22%	78%
Had a close call, was shot or hit, but protective gear saved you	13%	87%
Had a buddy shot or hit who was near you	20%	80%
Clearing or searching homes or buildings	60%	40%
Engaging in hand-to-hand combat	17%	83%
Saved the life of a soldier or civilian	25%	75%