Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| No. Of patients | Surgical procedure | ASA | Patient Characteristics | ESPB group | Control group | GA induction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tulgar 2018 (1) | 30 (15/15) | Laparoscopiccholecystectomy | I-II | 18–65 years of age | Bilateral ultrasound-guided ESPB at the level of T9 transverse process using 10 mL of bupivacaine 0.375% on each side | Received no intervention | Propofol 2–3mgkg − 1,fentanyl100μg and rocuronium bromide 0.6 mg kg − 1 |
| Gürkan 2018 | 50 (25/25) | Elective breast cancer surgery | I-II | Aged 20–65 years | Ultrasound (US)-guided ESPB with 20 ml 0.25% bupivacaine at the T4 vertebral level | Received no intervention | Propofol(2–3 mg kg − 1) and fentanyl(2 mg kg − 1) iv, rocuronium 0.6 mg kg − 1 |
|
Tulgar 2018 (2) |
40 (20/20) | Hip and proximal femur surgery | I-III | Aged 18–65 years | Ultrasound-guided ESPB at T9 vertebrae level with 20 ml bupivacaine 0.5%, 10 ml lidocaine 2%, | Underwent thesame procedure but had no block | Propofol 2-3 mg/kg, fentanyl 100 μg and rocuronium bromide 0.6 mg/kg. |
|
Singh 2019 (1) |
40 (20/20) | Elective lumbarspine surgery | I-III | 18–65 years of age | Ultrasound (US)-guided ESPB with total 20 ml 0.5% bupivacaine at the T10 vertebral level | Received no intervention | Propofol 2 to3 mg/kg, morphine 0.1 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg |
| Gürkan 2019 | 50 (25/25) | Elective unilateral breast surgery | I-II | Aged 18–65 years | Ultrasound (US) guided ESP block with 20 ml 0.25% bupivacaine at the T4 vertebral level | Received no intervention | Propofol (2–3 mg kg − 1) and fentanyl (2 μg kg − 1) iv and rocuronium 0.6 mg kg − 1 |
|
Singh 2019 (2) |
40 (20/20) | Modified radical mastectomy | I-II | Female patients between 20 and 55 years | Ultrasound (US)-guided ESP block with total 20 ml 0.5% bupivacaine at the T5 vertebral level | Received no intervention | Propofol 2–3 mg kg − 1 , morphine 0.1 mg kg – 1, and vecuronium 0.1 mg kg − 1 |
| Aksu 2019 (1) | 46 (23/23) | LaparoscopicCholecystectomy | I-II | 20–75 years of age | Ultrasound (US) guided ESP block with 20 ml 0.25% bupivacaine at the T5–6 vertebral level | Received no intervention | Propofol (2–3 mg kg-1) and fentanyl (2 mg kg-1) iv and Rocuronium (0.6 mg kg-1)IV |
| Ciftci 2019 | 60 (30/30) | Video-Assisted Thoracic surgery | I-II | 18–65 years of age | Ultrasound guided Bilateral ESP block with20ml of 0.375% bupivacaine at the T5 vertebral level | Received no intervention | Propofol (2–2.5 mg/kg) and fentanyl (1–1.5 mg/kg) and rocuronium bromide (0.6 mg/kg) |
| Ciftci 2019 | 60 (30/30) | Video-Assisted Thoracic surgery | I-II | 18–65 years of age | Ultrasound guided Bilateral ESP block with20ml of 0.375% bupivacaine at the T5 vertebral level | Received no intervention | Propofol (2–2.5 mg/kg) and fentanyl (1–1.5 mg/kg) and rocuronium bromide (0.6 mg/kg) |
| Yayik 2019 | 60 (30/30) | Lumbar Spinal Decompression Surgery | I-III | 18–65 years of age | Ultrasound guided Bilateral ESP block with 0.25% bupivacaine 20 mL at the L3 vertebral level | No intervention was performed | 2 mg/kg IV propofo, 0.6 mg/kg IV rocuronium and 2 mcg/kg IV fentanyl |
| Hamed 2019 | 60 (30/30) | Abdominal hysterectomy | I-III | Women aged 40–70 years old and weighed 50–90 kg | Ultrasound-guided ESPB at T9 vertebrae level with 20 ml bupivacaine 0.5%. | Underwent the same procedure but had a sham injection(20 ml of saline) | Fentanyl 2 mcg.kg − 1 and propofol 2 mg.kg1, followed by atracurium 0.5 mg.kg − 1 |
| AKSU 2019 (2) | 50 (25/25) | elective breast surgery | I-II | Aged between 25 and 70 years | Ultrasound-guided ESPB betweenT2 and T4 with 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine | No intervention was performed | Propofol (2–3 mg/kg) and fentanyl (2 mg/kg) iv and Rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was administered iv |