Table 1.
Drugs or compounds identified to have therapeutic effects on NAFLD and their mechanisms related to MAMs
| Drug or compound | Animals | Mechanism(s) | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone | ob/ob and diet-induced insulin-resistant mice, CypD-KO mice | Increased MAM numbers in primary hepatocytes with overexpression of CypD, VDAC1 and PACS2, enhanced insulin signalling and action. | [94] |
| Metformin | ob/ob and diet-induced insulin-resistant mice, CypD-KO mice | Improved ER-mitochondria interactions. | [94, 125] |
| Forskolin | HuH7 cells treated with glucose | Prevention of high glucose-mediated reductions in MAM integrity | [89] |
| Sulforaphane | ob/ob mice and HFHSD mice, primary mouse hepatocytes treated with palmitate in vitro | Improved glucose tolerance, MAM protein content and ER–mitochondria interactions; decreased levels of the ERS markers CHOP and Grp78 | [125, 126] |
| Hepatic stimulator substance (HSS) | Mice fed a methionine and choline-deficient diet | Improved expression of SERCA, maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis within MAMs | [127] |
| Troglitazone | Sprague–Dawley rats | Reduced ACS activity in the liver MAM component and the peroxisome component | [128, 129] |