Table 4.

Association of each musculoskeletal pain with new-onset LBP

		Absence	Presence	P value
Hand or foot pain	Participants	1616	166
	New-onset LBP, n (%)	212 (13.1)	39 (23.5)
	Model 1 OR (95% CI)	1	2.04 (1.30–3.21)	0.002
	Model 2 OR (95% CI)	1	1.33 (0.80–2.19)	0.27
Knee pain	Participants	1595	187
	New-onset LBP	206 (12.9)	45 (24.1)
	Model 1 OR (95% CI)	1	2.56 (1.66–3.96)	<  0.001
	Model 2 OR (95% CI)	1	1.87 (1.16–3.01)	0.01
Shoulder pain	Participants	1708	74
	New-onset LBP	229 (13.4)	22 (29.7)
	Model 1 OR (95% CI)	1	2.41 (1.32–4.39)	0.004
	Model 2 OR (95% CI)	1	1.56 (0.82–2.95)	0.18
Neck pain	Participants	1558	224
	New-onset LBP	190 (12.2)	61 (27.2)
	Model 1 OR (95% CI)	1	2.61 (1.77–3.85)	<  0.001
	Model 2 OR (95% CI)	1	2.10 (1.40–3.17)	<  0.001

Adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, living area, smoking habits, drinking habits, complications, working status, walking time, living status, subjective economic condition, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Athens Insomnia Scale, and Lubben Social Network Scale (Model 1). Additionally, adjusted for hand or foot pain, knee pain, shoulder pain, and neck pain (Model 2). LBP: low back pain, OR: Odds Ratio, CI: Confidence interval