Table 2.

Social cognitive theoretical components of the DRInK-Up hydration intervention.

Self-efficacy was anticipated to be positively influenced through four different mechanisms in the DRInK-Up intervention:
Mastery experience	Success in meeting fluid intake targets by residents. Staff knowledge about hydration, consequences of dehydration and understanding the importance of their input to hydration management.
Verbal persuasion	Encouragement of resident to drink more by care home staff, family and other residents.
Vicarious experience	Residents observing others drinking in social situations and learning to emulate this behaviour. Staff observing hydration care practices role modelled by others.
Physiological and psychological responses	Checking colour of urine and results of urine specific gravity measurements to indicate hydration status. Staff observations of residents’ skin condition and oral status. Praise and positive reinforcement for drinking and meeting agreed goals.