Table 6.
Adverse events reported in other Cochrane Reviews during or as a result of Multimodal Strength and Balance Exercise Training.
| Review Type/Name | Population | Multimodal Training | Adverse Events |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physical Rehabilitation[5] | Older people in long term care | High Intensity Functional Exercise | 1 person developed chest pain and another lost balance. Otherwise MSk injuries. |
| Brisk walking with strength and balance stations around walk areas | 5 falls during exercise sessions, one causing head injury. | ||
| One to one sessions by physiotherapist (RT and balance) | More falls (and more serious falls) in intervention group, not during session but over course of study | ||
| Physical rehabilitation for chronic pain[155] | Adults (aged 18 years and over) reporting chronic non-cancer pain, including persistent (e.g. chronic back pain, fibromyalgia) and intermittent (e.g. migraine, dysmenorrhoea) pain, for at least three months | Any specified style of land-based exercise or physical activity such as one designed to improve strength, range of movement, balance, aerobic capacity, or a combination of any of the above | Most adverse events were increased soreness or muscle pain, which reportedly subsided after a few weeks of the intervention. |
| Exercise for improving balance in older people[152] | People aged 60 or over living in the community or in institutional care | Resistance and balance jump training | 1 study reported 14 musculoskeletal injuries or symptoms |
| Balance and strength training using free weights | 1 study reported a fall in the session | ||
| Standing strength and balance exercises using weight belt | 1 study reported 22 people with soreness (lower back, hip and knee pain) | ||
| Otago exercise programme | 1 study reported 2 people with back pain. | ||
| Interventions for preventing osteoporosis[127] | Postmenopausal women | Training included walking, calisthenics and resisted strengthening | 3 studies reported 75 falls in exercise vs 55 falls in control groups |
| 11 studies reported 60 other events in exercise vs 5 in control groups (e.g. muscle soreness, joint pain, headache and itching) | |||
| Physical therapy for improving outcomes of osteoporotic vertebral fracture[3] | Individuals with vertebral fracture | Exercises included stretching, strengthening with weights and resistance bands and balance training | 1 study reported 3 people having a fracture (rib/hip/metatarsal) , 1 study reported 1 person having irritation to tape |
| 3 studies reported adverse effects possibly attributed to the exercise with 19 people reporting pain/illness/injury, 4 fear of falling | |||
| Exercise for breast cancer sufferers[156] | Women who were diagnosed with breast cancer stages I, II, and III and who were undergoing adjuvant (including neoadjuvant) chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or a combination. | 4 studies of aerobic and resistance training | 1 participant with lymphedema |
| 2 people with muscle soreness and 1 with musculoskeletal injury | |||
| 9 people with musculoskeletal pain | |||
| 1 person with knee discomfort | |||
| Physical therapy after hip fracture surgery[157] | Patients treated for a hip fracture at any stage during rehabilitation | weight bearing after surgery, and any other mobilisation strategies, such as exercises, physical training and muscle stimulation | 1 study reported 3 adverse effects (1 rib fracture, 1 metatarsal fracture, 1 bruised ankle) |
| Physical training for stroke patients[119] | Adult stroke survivors who were considered suitable for fitness training | cardiorespiratory training or resistance training, or both (mixed training) | 2 studies reported 40 falls in 158 participants allocated mixed training |
| 7 exercising participants receiving suffered a cerebrovascular event and 1 a cardiovascular event |
Key: RT = Resistance Training; MSk = Musculoskeletal.