Table 2.
Assessment of the positive impact of different types of sport, physical activity or exercise on muscle, bone and balance outcomes (adapted from Heinonen & Kujala, in Kokko et al 2011).
| Type of Sport, Physical Activity or Exercise | Improvement in Muscle Function | Improvement in Bone Health | Improvement in Balance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Running | x | xx | x |
| Resistance training | xxx | xxx | xx |
| Aerobics, circuit training | xxx | xxx | xx |
| Ball Games | xx | xxx | xxx |
| Racquet Sports | xx | xxx | xxx |
| Yoga, Tai Chi | x | x | x |
| Dance | x | xx | x |
| Walking | x | x | 0 |
| Nordic Walking | xx | NK | xx |
| Cycling | x | x | x |
xxx = Strong effect; xx = medium; x = low; 0 = no effect; NK = not known.