Table 2.
Main results of studies involving the etiology of transurethral resection of the prostate strictures
| Author | Publishing year | Main results |
|---|---|---|
| Günes et al.19 | 2015 | Mechanical urethral mucosa damage: the use of small-diameter resectoscope shafts may cause a reduction in the incidence of urethral strictures in relation to urethral friction and mucosa damage |
| Erturhan et al.18 | 2007 | Mechanical urethral mucosa damage: observation of injuries (2.5%) occurred at the first entrance with the big size resectoscope |
| Faul et al.21 | 2008 | Electric current leakage: the incidence of a short circuit between the active electrode and the metal sheath or other metal parts integrated in the sheath can lead to a high current density in the urethra, which may induce the risk of electrothermal injury in the corresponding urethral mucosa |
| Komura et al.13 | 2015 | Electric current leakage: there was a significantly higher urethral stricture rate in the TURis group compared with the M-TURP group in patients with a prostate volume >70 ml; the larger prostate volume and longer operation time could be important predictors of the occurrence of urethral stricture in patients treated with TURis |
| Michielsen and Coomans12 | 2010 | Electric current leakage: because the passive electrode is incorporated into the outer sheath, a high cutting current during TUR can lead to thermal damage to the urethra |
| Doluoglu et al.23 | 2012 | Infection: recurrent gonococcal urethritis accounted for the majority of anterior urethral strictures due to internalized gonococci with phagocytic vacuoles that evoke a brisk inflammatory response and inflammatory infiltrates in the submucosa that ultimately lead to spongiofibrosis and stricture |
| Park et al.16 | 2009 | Temperature of the irrigation solution: colder irrigation solution may lead to the constriction of blood vessels in the urethra with a higher risk of urethral stricture formation |
| Tan et al.24 | 2017 | Resection time: resection time has been identified as a cofactor for developing urethral stricture, not only by exposing the urethra to more electrical energy during the long operation time but also by multiplying the number of instrument sheath movements |
M-TURP: monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate; TUR: transurethral resection