Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics in the present study
| Variables | Total (n=703) | Fibrinogen <4.025 g l−1 (n=454, 64.6%) | Fibrinogen ≥4.025 g l−1 (n=249, 35.4%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year), mean±s.d. | 65.8±11.4 | 66.1±11.3 | 65.4±11.4 | 0.680 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 399 (56.8) | 276 (60.8) | 123 (49.4) | 0.004 |
| Female | 304 (43.2) | 178 (39.2) | 126 (50.6) | |
| BMI (kg m−2), mean±s.d. | 22.6±4.6 | 22.6±4.7 | 22.5±4.4 | 0.470 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
| No | 502 (71.4) | 313 (68.9) | 189 (75.9) | 0.051 |
| Former/current | 201 (28.6) | 141 (31.1) | 60 (24.1) | |
| Tumor side, n (%) | 0.216 | |||
| Left | 359 (51.1) | 224 (49.3) | 135 (54.2) | |
| Right | 344 (48.9) | 230 (50.7) | 114 (45.8) | |
| Bladder cancer status, n (%) | 0.688 | |||
| No | 602 (85.6) | 386 (85.0) | 216 (86.7) | |
| Previous | 22 (3.1) | 16 (3.5) | 6 (2.4) | |
| Concomitant | 79 (11.2) | 52 (11.5) | 27 (10.8) | |
| Hydronephrosis, n (%) | 0.166 | |||
| No | 264 (37.6) | 179 (39.4) | 85 (34.1) | |
| Yes | 439 (62.4) | 275 (60.6) | 164 (65.9) | |
| Tumor location, n (%) | 0.115 | |||
| Pelvicalyceal | 376 (53.5) | 233 (51.3) | 143 (57.4) | |
| Ureteric | 203 (28.9) | 143 (31.5) | 60 (24.1) | |
| Both | 124 (17.6) | 78 (17.2) | 46 (18.5) | |
| Multifocality, n (%) | 0.032 | |||
| No | 587 (83.5) | 369 (81.3) | 218 (87.6) | |
| Yes | 116 (16.5) | 85 (18.7) | 31 (12.4) | |
| Surgical approach, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Open RNU | 473 (67.3) | 284 (62.6) | 189 (75.9) | |
| Laparoscopic RNU | 230 (32.7) | 170 (37.4) | 60 (24.1) | |
| Tumor grade, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Low | 186 (26.5) | 156 (34.4) | 30 (12.0) | |
| High | 517 (73.5) | 298 (65.6) | 219 (88.0) | |
| pT stage, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| pTis, pTa, pT1 | 217 (30.9) | 171 (37.7) | 46 (18.5) | |
| pT2 | 145 (20.6) | 109 (24.0) | 36 (14.5) | |
| pT3 | 241 (34.3) | 141 (31.1) | 100 (40.2) | |
| pT4 | 100 (14.2) | 33 (7.3) | 67 (26.9) | |
| Lymph node status, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| pN0 | 89 (12.7) | 56 (12.3) | 33 (13.3) | |
| pNx | 547 (77.8) | 373 (82.2) | 174 (69.9) | |
| pN+ | 67 (9.5) | 25 (5.5) | 42 (16.9) | |
| LVI, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 596 (84.8) | 403 (88.8) | 193 (77.5) | |
| Yes | 107 (15.2) | 51 (11.2) | 56 (22.5) | |
| Tumor size (cm), n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| ≤3 | 225 (32.0) | 166 (36.6) | 59 (23.7) | |
| >3 | 478 (68.0) | 288 (63.4) | 190 (76.3) | |
| PSM, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
| No | 646 (91.9) | 429 (94.5) | 217 (87.1) | |
| Yes | 57 (8.1) | 25 (5.5) | 32 (12.9) | |
| Tumor architecture, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Papillary | 221 (31.4) | 179 (39.4) | 42 (16.9) | |
| Sessile | 482 (68.6) | 275 (60.6) | 207 (83.1) | |
| CVH | <0.001 | |||
| No | 543 (77.2) | 375 (82.6) | 168 (67.5) | |
| Yes | 160 (22.8) | 79 (17.4) | 81 (32.5) | |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy, n (%) | 0.455 | |||
| No | 416 (59.2) | 264 (58.1) | 152 (61.0) | |
| Yes | 287 (40.8) | 190 (41.9) | 97 (39.0) | |
| Laboratory tests | ||||
| Fibrinogen (g l−1), mean±s.d. | 3.8±1.3 | 3.1±0.6 | 5.1±1.1 | <0.001 |
| Platelet count (×109 l−1), mean±s.d. | 198.4±85.7 | 177.3±64.0 | 237.0±104.8 | <0.001 |
| WBC count (×109 l−1), mean±s.d. | 6.9±2.6 | 6.4±2.2 | 7.8±3.0 | <0.001 |
| ALP (U l−1), mean±s.d. | 81.5±35.9 | 75.6±22.5 | 92.6±50.8 | <0.001 |
| LDH (U l−1), mean±s.d. | 189.1±69.7 | 179.4±39.4 | 207.4±102.9 | <0.001 |
| NLR, mean±s.d. | 3.4±2.0 | 3.0±1.9 | 4.2±2.0 | <0.001 |
| AGR, mean±s.d. | 1.4±0.3 | 1.5±0.3 | 1.3±0.3 | <0.001 |
| End points | ||||
| Disease recurrence, n (%) | 291 (41.4) | 149 (32.8) | 142 (57.0) | <0.001 |
| Cancerrelated death, n (%) | 204 (29.0) | 86 (18.9) | 118 (47.4) | <0.001 |
| Overall death, n (%) | 253 (36.0) | 118 (26.0) | 135 (54.2) | <0.001 |
RNU: radical nephroureterectomy; LVI: lymphovascular invasion; CVH: concomitant variant histology; PSM: positive surgical margins; pT: pathological tumor; WBC: white blood cell; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; AGR: albumin-to-globulin ratio; HR: hazard ratio; s.d.: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index