Table 3.
Forward stepwise multivariate Cox regression analyses of clinicopathological factors predicting survival outcomes in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma
| Variables | Cancer-specific survival | Recurrence-free survival | OS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| Tumor grade (high vs low) | 1.92 (1.17–3.15) | 0.010 | – | – | 1.72 (1.15–2.57) | 0.009 |
| pT stage | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| pTis, pTa, pT1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| pT2 | 1.49 (0.85–2.61) | 0.164 | 1.47 (0.97–2.23) | 0.067 | 1.48 (0.92–2.38) | 0.108 |
| pT3 | 2.48 (1.51–4.08) | <0.001 | 2.36 (1.65–3.38) | <0.001 | 2.33 (1.52–3.55) | <0.001 |
| pT4 | 3.64 (2.04–6.49) | <0.001 | 3.81 (2.45–5.92) | <0.001 | 3.58 (2.17–5.89) | <0.001 |
| Lymph node status | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | |||
| pN0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| pNx | 2.13 (1.25–3.62) | 0.005 | 1.87 (1.23–2.83) | 0.003 | 1.91 (1.22–3.01) | 0.005 |
| pN+ | 3.16 (1.70–5.86) | <0.001 | 3.27 (1.95–5.47) | < 0.001 | 2.68 (1.54–4.66) | <0.001 |
| Tumor size (>3 cm vs ≤3 cm) | 1.47 (1.02–2.10) | 0.037 | 1.49 (1.12–1.98) | 0.007 | 1.53 (1.11–2.11) | 0.009 |
| CVH (yes vs no) | 1.45 (1.06–1.98) | 0.021 | – | – | 1.36 (1.02–1.80) | 0.037 |
| ALP (≥90 U l−1 vs <90 U l−1) | 1.40 (1.03–1.90) | 0.031 | – | – | – | – |
| NLR (≥2.5 vs <2.5) | 1.83 (1.33–2.52) | <0.001 | 1.56 (1.21–2.01) | 0.001 | 1.67 (1.26–2.20) | <0.001 |
| Fibrinogen (≥4.025 g l−1 vs <4.025 g l−1) | 2.33 (1.69–3.20) | <0.001 | 2.09 (1.62–2.70) | < 0.001 | 2.09 (1.58–2.77) | <0.001 |
CVH: concomitant variant histology; pT: pathological tumor; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; –: not included in the analysis; OS: overall survival