Table 4.
Published studies evaluating oscillometric non-invasive blood pressure measurement technique in foals and horses in comparison with the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) criteria for technique validation.
| Parameter | Number of animals | Bias (mmHg) | Standard deviation (mmHg) | Correlation | < 10 mmHg (% of measurements) | < 20 mmHg (% of measurements) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| ACVIM criteria | 8 | ≤ 10 | ≤ 15 | ≥ 0.9 | ≥ 50 | ≥ 80 |
| Oscillometry | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Anesthetized foals (45) | ||||||
| Direct BP source: Metatarsal artery | ||||||
| NIBP cuff location: Coccygeal artery | ||||||
| Oscillometric technology: ProPaq Encore | ||||||
| SAP | 8.0 | |||||
| MAP | 6 | −1.1 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| DAP | −1.3 | |||||
| Conscious foals (45) | ||||||
| Direct BP source: Metatarsal artery | ||||||
| NIBP cuff location: Coccygeal artery | ||||||
| Oscillometric technology: ProPaq Encore | ||||||
| SAP | 15.0 | |||||
| MAP | 4 | −0.5 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| DAP | −0.4 | |||||
| Anesthetized foals (44) | ||||||
| Direct BP source: Metatarsal artery | ||||||
| NIBP cuff location: Coccygeal artery | ||||||
| Oscillometric technology: Cardell Veterinary Monitor 9402, CAS Medical | ||||||
| MAP | 10 | −0.5 | 8.8 | NR | NR | NR |
| Anesthetized foals (44) | ||||||
| Direct BP source: Metatarsal artery | ||||||
| NIBP cuff location: Median artery | ||||||
| Oscillometric technology: Cardell Veterinary Monitor 9402, CAS Medical | ||||||
| MAP | 10 | −10.8 | 8.8 | NR | NR | NR |
| Anesthetized foals (44) | ||||||
| Direct BP source: Metatarsal artery | ||||||
| NIBP cuff location: Metatarsal artery | ||||||
| Oscillometric technology: Cardell Veterinary Monitor 9402, CAS Medical | ||||||
| MAP | 10 | −4.1 | 8.8 | NR | NR | NR |
| Anesthetized horses (41) | ||||||
| Direct BP source: Transverse facial artery | ||||||
| NIBP cuff location: Coccygeal artery | ||||||
| Oscillometric technology: Cardell 9401 BP Monitor | ||||||
| MAP | 6 | 0.39 | 2.96 | NR | NR | NR |
| Conscious horses (40) | ||||||
| Direct BP source: Facial or transverse facial artery | ||||||
| NIBP cuff location: Coccygeal artery | ||||||
| Oscillometric technology: Datex-Ohmeda B30, GE Healthcare | ||||||
| SAP | −8 | 17 | ||||
| MAP | 7 | −4 | 10 | NR | NR | NR |
| DAP | −7 | 14 | ||||
| Anesthetized horses (56) | ||||||
| Direct BP source: Facial or transverse facial artery | ||||||
| NIBP cuff location: Coccygeal artery | ||||||
| Oscillometric technology: Cardell Veterinary Monitor 9402, CAS Medical | ||||||
| SAP | 3.3 | 8.5 | 0.92 | 80 | 95 | |
| MAP | 8 | 0.5 | 12.0 | 0.81 | 55 | 95 |
| DAP | 0.6 | 11.6 | 0.76 | 70 | 90 | |
| Conscious horses (56) | ||||||
| Direct BP source: Facial or transverse facial artery | ||||||
| NIBP cuff location: Coccygeal artery | ||||||
| Oscillometric technology: Cardell Veterinary Monitor 9402, CAS Medical | ||||||
| SAP | 30.0 | 24.9 | 0.84 | 17 | 34 | |
| MAP | 8 | 16.4 | 16.6 | 0.88 | 31 | 72 |
| DAP | 8.9 | 17.5 | 0.84 | 52 | 79 | |
| Anesthetized horses (43) | ||||||
| Direct BP source: Facial or metatarsal artery | ||||||
| NIBP cuff location: Coccygeal artery | ||||||
| Oscillometric technology: Datex Ohmeda S/5 Compact | ||||||
| SAP | 2.96 | 12.69 | ||||
| MAP | 40 | 3.78 | 8.77 | NR | NR | NR |
| DAP | 2.30 | 8.65 | ||||
NR — Not reported. Highlighted values meet validation criteria.