Table 3.
Hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic clamp summary measures
| Measure | Pre-Treatment | Post-Treatment | Mean within-subject change | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyperglycemic Clamp | ||||
| ΔInsulin0–10 (pmol/L) | 185.6 ± 104.3 | 256.2 ± 134.8 | 70.7 ± 110.5 | 0.130 |
| AUC ΔInsulin0–10 (pmol • L−1 • min) | 1115.9 ± 734.1 | 1639.5 ± 914.6 | 523.5 ± 699.5 | 0.098 |
| ΔC-peptide0–10 (pmol/L) | 417.2 ± 228.4 | 593.8 ± 336.3 | 176.7 ± 246.6 | 0.074 |
| AUC ΔC-peptide0–10 (pmol • L−1 • min) | 2593.0 ± 1761.7 | 3638.1 ± 2090.0 | 1045.1 ± 2026.6 | 0.130 |
| ΔInsulin90–120 (pmol/L) | 218.6 ± 119.4 | 401.5 ± 126.4 | 183.0 ± 122.6 | 0.004 |
| ΔC-peptide90–120 (pmol/L) | 1551.4 ± 240.2 | 2081.9 ± 561.1 | 530.5 ± 384.1 | 0.004 |
| ΔC-peptide:Insulin ratio90–120 | 0.2 ± 1.9 | −2.7 ± 1.5 | −2.9 ± 3.0 | 0.020 |
| ΔInsulinL-Arginine (pmol/L) | 1730.3 ± 392.2 | 2331.1 ± 963.9 | 600.8 ± 655.9 | 0.039 |
| AUC ΔInsulinL-Arginine (pmol • L−1 • min) | 11483.5 ± 2597.0 | 14840.6 ± 6271.6 | 3357.1 ± 4931.2 | 0.098 |
| Insulin Sensitivity Index (GIR/Ins) | 11.3 ± 3.5 | 8.7 ± 6.4 | −2.6 ± 7.5 | 0.160 |
| Hyperinsulinemic Clamp | ||||
| Glucose90–120 (mM) | 5.3 ± 0.1 | 5.3 ± 0.1 | −0.0 ± 0.1 | 0.890 |
| Glucose210–240 (mM) | 5.3 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.1 | −0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.380 |
| Insulin90–120 (pmol/L) | 188.9 ± 39.3 | 304.1 ± 115.9 | 115.2 ± 110.2 | 0.023 |
| Insulin210–240 (pmol/L) | 1770.5 ± 272.9 | 2452.6 ± 360.9 | 637.2 ± 460.3 | 0.031 |
| M/ILow (nmol • kg−1 • min−1 • pmol−1 • L) | 81.5 ± 32.7 | 43.0 ± 26.1 | −38.4 ± 28.4 | 0.016 |
| M/IHigh (nmol • kg−1 • min−1 • pmol−1 • L) | 30.7 ± 6.2 | 18.5 ± 4.7 | −11.2 ± 6.6 | 0.016 |
| Insulin Clearance-Low (mL • m−2 BSA • min−1) | 1852.7 ± 445.9 | 1245.8 ± 558.5 | −607.0 ± 471.1 | 0.023 |
| Insulin Clearance-High (mL • m−2 BSA • min−1) | 872.8 ± 207.6 | 632.3 ± 178.6 | −200.3 ± 168.6 | 0.031 |
| Disposition Index | ||||
| Disposition Index (AUC ΔC-peptide0–10 • GIR/I)* | 30,591 ± 21,325 | 39,783 ± 58,374 | 9,192 ± 52,453 | 0.91 |
| Disposition Index (AUC ΔC-peptide0–10 • M/IHigh)† | 153,093 ± 118,577 | 180,011 ± 165,140 | 1,944 ± 10,2206 | 1.0 |
Results are mean ± SD. p-value from Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
*
Disposition index based on Hyperglycemic clamp only.
†
Disposition index calculated by insulin secretion during hyperglycemic clamp and insulin sensitivity from hyperinsulinemic clamp result