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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Analyt Chem. 2019 Jul 5;117:242–262. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.07.001

Figure 13.

Figure 13.

(A) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of electrochemical nanogenosensor for the detection of circulating miR-25 with the assistance of cysteamine-capped gold nanoparticles (Cys-AuNPs). Reprinted with permission from Ref. 158. Copyright 2017, The Royal Society of Chemistry. (B) Schematic presentation of the biosensing mechanism for detecting miR-1246 in circulating exosomes collected from human plasma based on Au nanoflare-based probe. Ref. 159. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. (C) Schematic representation of fluorophore labeled probes/nanographene oxide (nGO) assembly for detecting of multiple target circulating miRNAs. Reprinted with permission from Ref. 160. Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society. (D). Principle of general biosensing method for probing circulating microRNA biomarkers based on oligonucleotide-templated reaction (OTR). Ref. 162. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society.