(A) Principle of CLN-Oh-MB biochip. A1: Illustration of CLN-TIRF technology. A2: Schematic illustration of Oh-MB for hybridization and signal gain with target RNA in CLN-EV complex. A3: Structure comparison of Co-MB, Ohe-MB and Ohi-MB. Abbreviations: Co-MB = conventional molecular beacon, Ohe-MB = overhang molecular beacon with external dye, Ohi-MB = overhang molecular beacon with internal dye. Reprinted with permission from Ref. 216. Copyright 2018, Elsevier Ltd. (B) Overview of integrated chip for detection of diseased exosomal miR-21 and miR-126. B1: A schematic illustration of the integrated microfluidic chip for detecting miRNA biomarkers for cardiovascular disease. B2: Exposed view of the integrated microfluidic chip. B3: A photograph of the integrated microfluidic chip. The chip was comprised of four layers: an air control layer, a liquid channel layer, a double-sided tape layer, and an epoxy substrate equipped with an FET detection sensor. FET stands for field-effect transistor. Reprinted with permission from Ref. 217. Copyright 2018, The Royal Society of Chemistry.