Table 1. Definitions of multidrug resistance (MDR), extensive drug resistance (XDR) and pandrug resistance (PDR) in Salmonella.
| MDR | XDR | PDR | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ampicillin | R | R | R | R | R |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | R | R | R | R | R |
| Chloramphenicol | R | R | R | R | R |
| Third generation cephalosporins | S | R | R | S | R |
| DCS or fluoroquinolone resistance | S | S | R | R | R |
| Azithromycin | S | R | S | R | R |
| Meropenem | S | S | S | S | S |
XDR was formulated in analogy with previous publications on Salmonella [26–28]. Because PDR was interpreted as resistance to all antibiotic classes available for empirical treatment in low and middle income countries [27], carbapenem susceptibility was not taken into account. Abbreviations: DCS: decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility