Table 3.

The effect of increasing each parameter on the level of individual investment (${\widehat{\mathbf{x}}}_{\mathbf{i}}$; see Eq. 4) and collective investment (${\widehat{\mathbf{x}}}_{\mathbf{G}}$; see Eq. 3). The comparison is made keeping all other terms constant

Parameter	Individual investment ($x_i$)	Collective investment ($x_G$)
Benefit (b)	↑	↑
Cost (c)	↓	↓
Frequency ($p_i$)	↑	N/A†
Average contributor frequency ($\overline{p}$)	↓	↑
Number of contributors (n)	↑	↓

^†This term does not directly appear within the expression for coESS of collective investment (Eq. 3).