Table 4.
Studies to Assess the Role of CSF VILIP-1 as a Potential Biomarker
| Study | AD | MCI | Controls | Analysis Method | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lee et al (2008)8 | 33 | / | 24 | ELISA | Significantly increased in AD compared to control subjects |
| Tarawneh et al (2011)9 | 98 | / | 211 | Microparticle based immunoassay (Erenna, Singulex, CA) | Significantly higher in AD compared to controls |
| Tarawneh et al (2012)10 | 60 | / | 211 | Microparticle based immunoassay (Erenna, Singulex, CA) | Significantly elevated in AD compared to controls |
| Luo et al (2013)37 | 61 | / | 40 | ELISA | Significantly higher in AD patients than control subjects |
| Kester et al (2015)45 | 65 | 61 | 37 | Microparticle based immunoassay (Erenna, Singulex, CA) | Baseline levels elevated in AD and MCI than controls but not significantly (P = 0.88); Baseline levels significantly increased in MCI progressed to AD than stable MCI; Longitudinal increased in MCI, but not in AD or cognitively normal individuals |
| Mroczko et al (2015)39 | 33 | 15 | 18 | ELISA | Significantly higher in AD patients compared with MCI and control individuals |
| Sutphen et al (2015)46 | 169 | Microparticle based immunoassay (Erenna, Singulex, CA) | Significantly increased in late middle-aged individuals compared with early and mid in APOE ε4 non-carriers | ||
| Tarawneh et al (2015)38 | 23 | / | 64 | Microparticle based immunoassay (Erenna, Singulex, CA) | Significantly elevated in AD compared with controls |
| Babic ´Leko et al (2016)36 | 109 | 43 | 9 | ELISA | Significantly higher in AD compared to MCI and control subjects |
| Tarawneh et al (2016)41 | 95 | / | 207 | Microparticle based immunoassay (Erenna, Singulex, CA) | Significantly elevated in AD compared with controls |
| Höglund et al (2017)47 | / | / | 129 | ELISA | No difference between high CSF Aβ and low CSF Aβ groups |
| Muszyn ´ski et al (2017)48 | 45 | 18 | 23 | ELISA | Significantly elevated only in AD group in comparison to control subjects |
| Sutphen et al (2018)42 | 16 | 76 | 56 | Microparticle based immunoassay (Erenna, Singulex, CA) | Baseline levels elevated in the MCI Aβ+ and AD Aβ+ groups compared with MCI Aβ- and controls Aβ- groups; Longitudinally decreased in AD Aβ+ groups |
| Zhang et al (2018)44 | 18 | 24 sMCI, 47 pMCI |
32 | Microparticle based immunoassay (Erenna, Singulex, CA) | Significantly elevated in AD and pMCI groups compared with control and sMCI groups |
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; sMCI, stable mild cognitive impairment; pMCI, progressive mild cognitive impairment.