Table 2.

Reports of Bacteremia Caused by NOVC in Recent Five Years

Year	Country	Age (Years)	Gender	Risk Factors	Mode of Transmission	Clinical Presentation	Treatment	Clinical Outcome	Ref. no.
2015	USA	54	M	Multiple myeloma	A trip to Haiti	Diffuse abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea	Piperacillin-tazobactam, levofloxacin	Death	[10]
2015	France	70	M	Hepatitis A	Seafood consumption	Fever, watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting and dizziness	Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin	Recover	[1]
2015	China	11 days	F	None	Contaminated food and paraphernalia (most likely)	Fever, lethargy, and a refusal to feed	Sulbenicillin, metronidazole	Recover	[11]
2016	India	6.5	F	Burkitt’s lymphoma	Not found	Abdominal pain, vomiting	Cefepime-tazobactam, teicoplanin, ciprofloxacin	Death	[12]
2016	India	56	F	Diabetes mellitus	Not found	Chills, swelling of the right lower leg	Piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem	Death
2016	India	72	M	Not mentioned	Not found	Fever, chills, nausea, dizziness	Not mentioned	Recover
2016	Netherlands	50	M	Tuberculosis, COPD	Seafood consumption	Hypothermic, right ankle pain	Ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime	Death	[13]
2016	Netherlands	60	M	Heart disease, diabetes mellitus	Seafood consumption	Diarrhea, fever, mild jaundice	Ciprofloxacin	Recover
2016	Netherlands	70	M	Heart failure, chronic cholangitis	Not found	Fever, coughing, dyspnea, dizziness, and decreased appetite	Ceftriaxone, gentamicin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid	Recover
2016	Austria	80	M	Ichthyosis cutis, several episodes of cellulitis	Contact with contaminated water through a wound	Swelling and pain in left lower leg, fever, dyspnea	Piperacillin-tazobactam, clindamycin, doxycycline	Death	[14]
2016	Greece	43	M	Liver cirrhosis, alcohol abuse	Not certain	Poor nutrition, icteric sclera, ascites, diffuse bleeding of the oral mucosa and bullous lesions of extremities.	Cefotaxime, metronidazole	Death	[15]
2016	Pakistan	3 days	M	Very low birth weight	Goat’s milk	Fever and chills	Not mentioned	Death	[16]
2017	Canada	66	M	Biliary obstruction, benign pancreatic tumor	Seafood consumption	Epigastric pain, emesis and fever	Ciprofloxacin, doxycycline	Recover	[17]
2017	Saudi Arabia	62	M	Diabetes mellitus, cholecystectomy for chronic calculous cholecystitis	Not found	Fever, epigastric pain, intermittent vomiting	Piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin	Recover	[7]
2017	Italy	83	M	COPD, cholecystectomy, and hypertension	Contact with contaminated water, and seafood consumption	Fever, cough, mild jaundice, and abdominal pain	Ceftriaxone, azithromycin	Recover	[3]
2018	Pakistan	2 months	M	Neonatal jaundice, cataract	Not certain	Fever and abdominal pain	Cefotaxime, amikacin	Death	[18]
2018	Belgium	45	M	Klatskin tumor	Contact with contaminated water	Fever, epigastric pain, nausea, anorexia	Piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin	Recover	[5]
2018	China	47	M	Hepatitis B cirrhosis	Not mentioned	Fever, chills and diarrhea	Ceftazidime	Recover	[19]
2018	China	47	M	Hepatitis B cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma	Not mentioned	Fever, chills, abdominal distension, edema of both lower limbs	Moxifloxacin	Recover
2018	Lebanon	74	F	Pancreatic adenocarcinoma with liver metastasis, diabetes mellitus	Not certain	Fever, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain	Ciprofloxacin	Recover	[2]
2019	USA	62	M	Chronic hepatitis C with liver cirrhosis	Not found	Right leg swelling, fatigue and chills	Ceftriaxone, doxycycline	Recover	[4]
2019	Saudi Arabia	54	M	Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, right lower limb cellulitis, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation and old stroke	Not certain	Fever, confusion, right leg pain, bullae and pus discharge from the sole of the right foot.	Meropenem, vancomycin, tigecycline	Death	[20]
2019	USA	63	F	Chronic lower extremity lymphedema, hypertension, osteoarthritis, restless leg syndrome	Contact with contaminated water through a chronic wound	Left leg pain and discoloration, haemorrhagic blisters with foul-smelling discharge	Doxycycline	Recover	[21]

Abbreviations: M, male; F: female.