Table 3.
Cross‐sectional associations of stressful life events with problem drinking in male current regular drinkers.
|
Total regular drinkers n |
Problem drinkersa n (%) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) for problem drinking | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family‐related events | ||||
| Divorce or separation | ||||
| No | 69 701 | 16 639 (23.9%) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 203 | 53 (26.1%) | 1.32 (0.95–1.83) | 0.1027 |
| Family conflict | ||||
| No | 69 417 | 16 540 (23.8%) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 487 | 152 (31.2%) | 1.50 (1.22–1.84) | 0.0001 |
| Death of spouse | ||||
| No | 69 550 | 16 596 (23.8%) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 354 | 96 (27.1%) | 1.07 (0.83–1.36) | 0.6133 |
| Death or major illness of other family member | ||||
| No | 66 680 | 15 871 (23.8%) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 3224 | 821 (25.5%) | 1.20 (1.10–1.30) | < 0.0001 |
| Any family‐related events | ||||
| No | 65 748 | 15 606 (23.7%) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 4156 | 1086 (26.1%) | 1.21 (1.13–1.31) | < 0.0001 |
| Finance‐related events | ||||
| Job loss or retirement | ||||
| No | 69 587 | 16 622 (23.9%) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 317 | 70 (22.1%) | 1.45 (1.09–1.91) | 0.0102 |
| Bankruptcy | ||||
| No | 69 683 | 16 608 (23.8%) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 221 | 84 (38.0%) | 1.48 (1.11–1.96) | 0.0068 |
| Loss of income or debt | ||||
| No | 69 592 | 16 577 (23.8%) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 312 | 115 (36.9%) | 1.86 (1.45–2.39) | < 0.0001 |
| Any finance‐related events | ||||
| No | 69 099 | 16 441 (23.8%) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 805 | 251 (31.2%) | 1.57 (1.34–1.84) | < 0.0001 |
| Injury‐related events | ||||
| Violence | ||||
| No | 69 796 | 16 653 (23.9%) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 108 | 39 (36.1%) | 1.68 (1.11–2.56) | 0.0149 |
| Major injury or traffic accident | ||||
| No | 69 403 | 16 566 (23.9%) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 501 | 126 (25.1%) | 1.15 (0.93–1.43) | 0.1929 |
| Natural disaster | ||||
| No | 69 848 | 16 679 (23.9%) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 56 | 13 (23.2%) | 1.05 (0.54–2.02) | 0.8869 |
| Any injury or disaster events | ||||
| No | 69 244 | 16 516 (23.9%) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 660 | 176 (26.7%) | 1.22 (1.01–1.47) | 0.0347 |
| Any major stressful life event | ||||
| No | 64 509 | 15 266 (23.7%) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 5395 | 1426 (26.4%) | 1.24 (1.16–1.33) | < 0.0001 |
OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
ORs were adjusted for age group, region, education, income and smoking status. All P‐values are from a Wald χ2 test.
a
Reporting one or more in the past month of: drinking in the morning; unable to work or do anything due to drinking; depressed, irritated or lost control due to drinking; could not stop drinking; had shakes when stopping drinking.