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. 2018 Sep 13;25(4):761–775. doi: 10.1038/s41380-018-0235-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Distribution of ICAM1 immunostaining. a ICAM1 (green) and collagen IV (red) IHC staining was qualitatively assessed. Representative images illustrating ICAM1 distribution based on their localisation to vessels or astrocyte-like cells. Vascular ICAM1 was classified as having immunoreactivity situated in the lumen of the blood vessels surrounding endothelial cells (yellow arrow) or in a more diffuse pattern across the entire vessel (white arrows). Extravascular ICAM1 was classfied when ICAM1 immunoreactivity was observed in astrocyte-like cells (star-shaped, white arrowheads), in processes proximal to vessels or in processes that appear to be astrocytic endfeet attached to the vessels. We did not observe ICAM1 immunoreactivity near nuclei/cells indentifable as neuronal or microglia-like. Collagen-IV was used to label blood vessels as indicated by white arrows. ICAM1 attached to the lumen of the vessel is shown by the yellow arrow. White filled arrowheads indicate astrocyte-like cell. Scale bars are 20 µm. b There were no group differences in the frequency of vascular and extravascular ICAM1 immunoreactivity. c ICAM1 immunoreactivity (green in top right panel) with astrocyte like morphology (white arrowheads) co-localised with GFAP immunoreactivity (red intop left panel). DAPI stain in blue (bottom left panel) and merged image in bottom right panel. Scale bar is 20 µm