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. 2020 Apr 14;10:6366. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63026-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Feeding experiment using uniformly ¹³C labeled (−)-OPDA. (a) Chemical structure of pyrethrin II having expected ¹³C labeled pattern. (b) UPLC MS/MS chromatogram of the leaf extract of untreated plants (control) analyzing pyrethrin II with the expected labeled pattern. (c) UPLC MS/MS chromatogram of the leaf extract of treated plants with the labeled compound analyzing pyrethrin II having the expected labeled pattern. (d) UPLC MS/MS chromatogram of the leaf extract of treated plants with the labeled compound analyzing endogenous pyrethrin II. Insets indicate the fragmentation patterns of ¹³C labeled pyrethrin II (i) and endogenous pyrethrin II (ii).