Table 2.

Oral medications for symptomatic treatment of dystonia

Group	Examples	Notes
Benzodiazepines	alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, diazepam	typical side effects include impaired concentration, sedation, fatigue, impaired coordination, withdrawal reactions
Muscle relaxants	carisoprodol, chlorzoxazone, cyclobenzeprine, metaxolone, methocarbamol, orphenadrine	typical side effects vary by class, but most centrally-acting muscle relaxants can cause some degree of sedation and fatigue
Anti-spasticity agents	baclofen, tizanidine	typical side effects include impaired concentration, sedation, fatigue, impaired coordination, dizziness, weakness, withdrawal reactions
Anti-cholinergics	benztropine, biperidin, ethopropazine, ophenadrine, procyclidine, trihexyphenidyl	typical side effects include impaired concentration, memory loss, fatigue, dry mouth and eyes, constipation, urinary retention, blurry vision
Levodopa	carbidopa/levodopa, benserazide/levodopa	typical side effects include nausea, orthostatic hypotension
Others	cannabidiol, cyproheptidine, deutetrabenazine, gabapentin, lithium, mexilitine, nabilone, riluzole, tetrabenazine, valbenazine, zolpidem	these drugs have been reported to be useful in anecdotal reports, so they are not widely used