Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Apr 14;10:6405. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63042-3

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Il-33 predominantly induced a Th2 and regulatory immune response in LVV. (A) Freshly isolated PBMC from LVV patients (with corticosteroids<15 mg/day) were cultured with anti-CD3/CD28 with or without IL-33 stimulation for 5 days. The secretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines was assessed by flow cytometry. Left panel: Dot plots representing IFNγ and IL-4 secreting CD4+ T cells with or without IL-33 stimulation. Right panel: Changes of cytokine production in PBMC stimulated with IL-33 compared to PBMC not stimulated. The proportion of IL4-secreting CD4⁺ T cells was increased with IL-33 stimulation (p = 0.01) in LVV patients (n = 13) but not in HD (n = 6). These data are shown as the mean ± SEM. These results are from 13 independent experiments. (B) After 5 days of culture, quantitative determination of cytokines was performed in culture supernatants (n = 12) of LVV PBMC. IL-33 stimulation led to a significant increase of IL-5 and IL-4 secretion, *p < 0.05, ***P < 0.001. (C) Left panel: Dot plots representing CD25^hiFOXP3⁺ and CD127^lowFOXP3⁺ CD4⁺ cells are shown. On the left, PBMC of one LVV patient are cultured for 5 days without IL-33. The frequency of CD127^lowFOXP3⁺ CD4⁺ cells is shown. On the right, PBMC of the same LVV patient were cultured for 5 days with IL-33. Right panel: Corresponding results of 15 LVV patients. The frequency of Tregs was increased in stimulated PBMC with IL-33 as compared to those without IL-33. These results are from 4 independent experiments. These data are shown as the mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01. The statistical test used was a Wilcoxon matched pair test. (D) We next assessed by quantitative PCR the expression of IL-33, ST2 and Th1 and Th2 cytokines within LVV aortic lesions (n = 18). Relative expression of IL-33 mRNA was significantly correlated with the expression of IL-10 mRNA [r = 0.6 (p = 0.008)]. Relative expression of IL-33 mRNA was significantly correlated with the expression of TGF-b mRNA [r = 0.8 (p < 0.0001)].