Table 3.
Predictors of cardiovascular events using a Cox proportional hazards model.
| Univariable | Multivariable | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| Age (year) | 1.068 (1.033–1.103) | <0.001 | 1.047 (1.001–1.096) | 0.047 |
| Male sex | 1.673 (0.801–3.492) | 0.171 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 5.443 (2.228–13.299) | <0.001 | 3.681 (1.186–11.427) | 0.024 |
| Hypertension | 1.394 (0.682–2.848) | 0.363 | ||
| Smoking | 2.439 (1.184–5.024) | 0.016 | 2.642 (1.054–6.623) | 0.024 |
| CAD | 7.873 (3.708–16.716) | <0.001 | 5.988 (2.199–16.309) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 3.386 (1.455–7.879) | 0.005 | 1.398 (0.480–4.074) | 0.539 |
| CHF | 3.319 (1.640–6.718) | 0.001 | 1.330 (0.549–3.221) | 0.528 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 1.005 (0.991–1.019) | 0.484 | ||
| DBP (mmHg) | 0.987 (0.961–1.012) | 0.301 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.946 (0.855–1.046) | 0.277 | ||
| Albumin (g/dl) | 0.218 (0.099–0.480) | <0.001 | 0.223 (0.056–0.888) | 0.033 |
| Hb (g/dl) | 0.957 (0.714–1.284) | 0.770 | ||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 0.988 (0.978–0.997) | 0.012 | 0.997 (0.995–1.008) | 0.551 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 1.002 (0.999–1.004) | 0.198 | ||
| Medications | ||||
| ACEI and/or ARB use | 1.878 (0.882–3.998) | 0.102 | ||
| β-blocker use | 2.014 (0.947–4.283) | 0.069 | ||
| CCB use | 1.749 (0.837–3.653) | 0.137 | ||
| Echocardiographic data | ||||
| LAVI (ml/m2) | 1.027 (0.999–1.056) | 0.060 | ||
| LVMI (g/m2) | 1.008 (1.001–1.015) | 0.030 | 1.004 (0.993–1.014) | 0.493 |
| LVEF (%) | 0.953 (0.918–0.988) | 0.009 | 1.001 (0.952–1.051) | 0.983 |
| E (cm/s) | 1.007 (0.997–1.017) | 0.180 | ||
| E’ (cm/s) | 0.780 (0.660–0.922) | 0.004 | 0.981 (0.727–1.324) | 0.990 |
| E/E’ | 1.044 (1.014–1.076) | 0.005 | 1.017 (0.946–1.094) | 0.652 |
| EAT thickness (mm) | 0.631 (0.776–1.166) | 0.631 | ||
CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; other abbreviations as in Table 1.
Covariates in this multivariable model included the significant variables in univariable analysis.