Table 1.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) directly involved in regulating acute kidney injury (AKI).

FGF Subfamily	FGF ligand	Mode of action	Pathophysiological function
FGF1	FGF1	Autocrine and paracrine	Inhibition of neutrophil infiltration (Cuevas et al., 1999); Antiapoptosis and regeneration (Fu et al., 2004; Weng et al., 2004)
	FGF2	Paracrine	Attenuating mitochondrial damage and proinflammatory response (Tan et al., 2017) reduce renal damage and participate in the regeneration (Villanueva et al., 2006)
FGF7	FGF7	Paracrine	Promote bladder progenitor proliferation (Vinsonneau et al., 2010)
	FGF10	Paracrine	Antiapoptosis and inflammatory response; suppressing excessive autophagy and ER stress (Tan et al., 2018; Tan et al., 2020)
FGF19	FGF23	Endocrine	Biomarkers for injury and prognosis; amplify myofbroblast activation; potential target of therapy (Leaf et al., 2017; Smith et al., 2017b; Leaf et al., 2018; Volovelsky et al., 2018; Christov et al., 2019, and references within)