Table 2.
Overview of Mammalian FGF subfamilies, receptor specificity and physiological functions.
| The FGF Subfamilies | Ligands Human/mouse | Cofactor | Receptor Specificity | Major physiological function |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FGF1 subfamily | FGF1/Fgf1 | Heparin or heparin sulfate | All FGFRs | Adipose tissue homeostasis |
| FGF2/Fgf2 | FGFR1b,1c,2b,2c,3c,4 | Wound healing and angiogenesis | ||
| FGF4 subfamily | FGF4/Fgf4 | FGFR1c,2c,3c,4 | Limb bud and heart development | |
| FGF5/Fgf5 | FGFR1c,2c,3c | Hair follicle growth and development | ||
| FGF6/Fgf6 | FGFR1c,2c,3c,4 | Muscle development and regeneration | ||
| FGF7 subfamily | FGF3/Fgf3 | FGFR1b,2b | Inner ear and skeleton development | |
| FGF7/Fgf7 | FGFR2b | Branching morphogenesis | ||
| FGF10/Fgf10 | FGFR1b,2b | Lung branching morphogenesis; inner ear, hair follicle, and limb development |
||
| FGF22/Fgf22 | FGFR1b,2b | Synaptogenesis | ||
| FGF8 subfamily | FGF8/Fgf8 | FGFR1c,2c,3c,4 | Brain, eye, ear, limb bud, kidney, and heart development | |
| FGF17/Fgf17 | FGFR1c,2c,3c,4 | Cerebellum and frontal cortex development | ||
| FGF18/Fgf18 | FGFR3c,4 | Lung alveolar, bone, CNS, skeletal, and palate | ||
| development | ||||
| FGF9 subfamily | FGF9/Fgf9 | FGFR1c,2c,3b,3c,4 | Inner ear, gonad, and kidney development | |
| FGF16/Fgf16 | FGFR1c,2c,3b,3c,4 | Heart development | ||
| FGF20/Fgf20 | FGFR1c,2b,2c,3b,3c,4 | Kidney, hair, teeth, cochlea, and central nervous | ||
| development | ||||
| FGF15/19 subfamily | FGF19/Fgf15 | FGFR1c,2c,3c,4 | Bile acid metabolism, gall bladder filling, lipid, and energy metabolism |
|
| FGF21/Fgf21 | β-Klotho | FGFR1c,3c, | Lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism, macronutrient preference, starvation response, insulin sensitivity |
|
| FGF23/Fgf23 | α-Klotho | FGFR1c,3c,4 | Phosphate, calcium, sodium, and vitamin D homeostasis |