Table 1.

Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between patients with PD and healthy controls in the training and test groups.

Characteristics	Training group			Test group			HC-Training vs. HC-Test P value	PD-Training vs. PD-Test P-value
	HC (n = 48)	PD (n = 48)	P-value	HC (n = 21)	PD (n = 21)	P-value
Age (years, mean ± SD)	70.48 ± 5.43	72.91 ± 9.89	0.124a	69.19 ± 5.94	71.38 ± 9.54	0.377a	0.381a	0.544a
Gender (male/female)	25/23	27/21	0.838b	10/11	13/8	0.535b	0.937b	0.863b
Duration of disease# (years, mean ± SD)		4.75 ± 2.92			3.71 ± 2.19			0.111a
Modified H&Y stage(median, IQRor mean ± SD)		2.5 (2.0, 3.0)			2.52 ± 0.97			0.711c

HC, healthy controls; HC-Training, healthy controls in the training group; HC-Test, healthy controls in the test group; PD, patients with Parkinson's disease; PD-Training, Parkinson's disease patients in the training group; PD-Test, Parkinson's disease patients in the test group; SD, standard deviation; Modified H&Y stage, modified Hoehn–Yahr stage; IQR, interquartile range.

^#The mean disease duration of PD patients, defined as the time between when a patient subjectively noticed his or her first symptoms and the moment of assessment.

^aTwo-sample Student's t-test;

^bChi-square test;

^cMann–Whitney U-test.