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. 2020 Apr 8;11:403. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00403

Table 2.

Medicinal Plants in Cardiovascular Risk Improvement.

Plant/complex of plants Study design and results References
Chinese sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.) and Gegen Radix (Pueraria lobate Willd.) 12-months randomized, placebo-controlled trial in postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia:

  • - lipid-lowering effect (TC -6.2% and LDL - 7.3%)

 Koon et al. (2013)
YH1 (Coptis chinensis Franch., Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Atractylodis macrocephalae DC., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Poria Pers., Citrus reticulata Blanco., Nelumbinis Adans., Platycodon A.DC., Amomum Roxb., Coix lacryma-jobi L., Dolichos L.) 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial in 46 patients with T2D:

  • - reduction in HbA1c (-11.1%)

  • - postprandial glucose decrease (-26.2%)

  • - lipid-lowering effect (Tg -29.5%, TC -21.6%, LDL -17.4%)

 Huang et al. (2019)
JTTZ formula (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Coptis chinensis Franch., Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge., Monascus purpureus Went., 1895, Momordica charantia L., Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Zingiber officinale Roscoe. 12-week randomized, positive-controlled (metformin), open-label trial in 450 patients with T2D, obesity and hyperlipidemia:

  • - reduction of HbA1c (-0.75 ± 1.32%)

  • - lipid-lowering effect (Tg -0.64 ± 2.37 mmol/L)

  • - Weight decrease (-2.47 ± 2.71 kg)

 Yu et al., (2018)
Allicor (Allium sativum L.) 4-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 42 men:

  • - lipid-lowering effect (TC -7.6 ± 2.4%, LDL -11.8 ± 4.5%, Tg -7.7 ± 9.0%)

 Sobenin et al. (2008a)
16-weeks randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in 84 men with moderate hypertension:

  • - hypotensive (SBP -9.3 ± 0.7 mmHg, DBP -3.8 ± 0.5 mmHg)

 Sobenin et al. (2009)
4-weeks randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled outpatient clinical trial of 60 T2D patients:

  • - blood glucose decrease (-1.8 ± 0.5mmol/l)

 Sobenin et al. (2008)
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) 6-weeks randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 51 patients with obesity:

  • - LDL-lowering effect (p=0.05)

 Xu et al. (2018)
Raw crushed garlic 4-weeks open-label trial in 40 patients with metabolic syndrome:

  • - blood pressure decrease (p < 0.001)

  • - Tg -lowering effect (p < 0.01)

  • - blood glucose decrease (p < 0.001)

  • - HDL increase (p < 0.001)

 Choudhary et al. (2018)
Aged black garlic 12-weeks open-label trial in 60 patients with with mild hypercholesterolemia:

  • - HDL increase (p < 0.001)

 Jung et al. (2014)
Galois (garlic powder tablet) 3-months randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 56 patients with coronary artery disease:

  • - SBP decrease (p=0.04)

 Mahdavi-Roshan et al. (2016)
Phytoestrogens (Glycine max (L.) Merr. + Passiflora L.) with vitamins 6-months pilot randomized trial in 90 women in menopausal transition:

  • - TC-lowering effect (p < 0.05)

 Villa et al. (2017)
Soy nut (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) 8-week randomized placebo-controlled trial in 70 patients with T2D

  • - lipid-lowering effect (TC(p < 0.01) and LDL (p=0.01) decrease)

  • - blood glucose decrease ((p=0.03)

 Sedaghat et al. (2019)
Karinat (Vitis vinifera L., Camellia sinensis L., Hunulus lupulus L., Allium sativum L.) 12-months randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in 157 postmenopausal women:

  • - lipid-lowering effect (TC -6.3% (p=0.011), LDL -7.6% (p=0.040)

 Myasoedova et al. (2016)
Isoflavones from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) 2-year double‐blind randomized study in 200 early postmenopausal women:

  • - SBP-reduction (-3.2 mmHg, p < 0.01)

 Sathyapalan et al. (2018)
Curcumin 10-weeks randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 44 T2D patients:

  • - hs-CRP decrease (-2.5 ± 4.3 mg/L)

  • - Tg–lowering (-14.2 ± 30.6 mg/dl)

 Adibian et al. (2019)
Curcuminoids 8-weeks 80 hyperlipidemic in T2D patients:

  • - BMI and lipid-lowering effect (Tg, TC and LDL decrease, p < 0.05)

 Adab et al. (2019)
Curcumin formulation 3-months randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 100 T2D patients:

  • - blood glucose decrease, -9 ± 16 mg/dL

 Panahi et al. (2018)
12-weeks randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 50 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

  • - BMI decrease (p < 0.001)

  • - TNF-α reduction (< 0.001)

 Saadati et al. (2019)
Licorice root extract 12-months randomized placebo-controlled study in 110 patients with hypercholesterolemia:

  • - lipid-lowering effect (TC -7.8%, LDL -4.9%)

  • - hypotensive (SBP -13 ± 13 mmHg, DBP -8 ± 10 mmHg)

 Fogelman et al. (2016)