Table 3.

Carotid IMT in Studies of the Direct Anti-atherosclerotic Effect of Medicinal Plants.

Plants/complex of plants	Carotid IMT dynamics	References
Chinese herbal formula (danshen Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., gegen radix Pueraria lobate Willd.)	12-months cIMT reduction: –0.012 mm (p < 0.001)	Woo et al. (2013); Kwok et al. (2014)
Chinese herb extraction (Reynoutria japonica rhizoma Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc., hawthorn fruits Crataegus Tourn.ex L.)	6-months cIMT reduction (p < 0.05)	Liu et al. (2014)
Allicor (garlic powder Allium sativum L.)	annual cIMT change at 2-year study: Allicor –0.022 vs. placebo +0.015 mm/year (p < 0.05)	Karagodin et al. (2016a) (clinical trial registration number NCT01734707, http://clinicaltrials.gov/)
Garlic powder tablets (Allium sativum L.)	3-months cIMT dynamics: Garlic –0.009 mm vs. placebo +0.004 mm	Mahdavi-Roshan et al. (2013) (clinical trial registration number NCT01948453, http://clinicaltrials.gov/)
Karinat (Vitis vinifera L., Camellia sinensis L., Hunulus lupulus L., Allium sativum L.)	12-month cIMT progression: Karinat +0.006 mm vs. placebo +0.011 mm	Myasoedova et al. (2016) (clinical trial registration number NCT01742000, http://clinicaltrials.gov/)
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) - isoflavone soy protein	annual cIMT change at 2-year study: ISP +0.002 vs. placebo +0.006 mm/year (p=0.05)	Hodis et al. (2011)
Inflaminat (Calendula flowers Calendula officinalis L., Black elder berries Sambucus nigra L., Violet herb Viola tricolor L.)	annual cIMT change at 2-year study: Inflaminat +0.006 vs. placebo +0.022 mm/year (p=0.045)	Kirichenko et al. (2016) (clinical trial registration number NCT01743404, http://clinicaltrials.gov/)
Licorice root extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)	3-months cIMT dynamics: Licorice –0.008 mm vs. placebo +0.003 mm	Fogelman et al. (2016)
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)		Davidson et al. (2009) (clinical trial registration number NCT00728299, http://clinicaltrials.gov/)