Table 3.
The odds ratio of having voice symptoms at 11 years of age in a national cohort of extremely preterm born children according to treatment (no surgery vs. surgery) for patent ductus arteriosus in the neonatal period.
| PDA treatment | N (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | p | aOR1 (95% CI) | p | aOR2 (95% CI) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hoarse voice | No surgery | 1/56 (2) | 16.9 (2.0–143) | 0.009 | 9.6 (1.0–93.8) | 0.05 | 14.1 (1.6–122) | 0.02 |
| Surgery | 8/34 (24) | |||||||
| Voice cracks when the child shouts | No surgery | 4/56 (7) | 4.7 (1.3–16.7) | 0.017 | 3.2 (1.2–20.7) | 0.10 | 3.9 (1.1–14.4) | 0.04 |
| Surgery | 9/34 (27) | |||||||
| Voice influences participation in singing | No surgery | 3/56 (5) | 4.6 (1.1–19.1) | 0.04 | 2.8 (0.6–13.1) | 0.19 | 3.7 (0.9–16.2) | 0.08 |
| Surgery | 7/34 (21) | |||||||
| Problems shouting or talking loudly | No surgery | 5/57 (9) | 3.7 (1.1–12.3) | 0.03 | 2.6 (0.7–9.3) | 0.14 | 3.2 (0.9–10.9) | 0.07 |
| Surgery | 9/34 (27) | |||||||
| Weak or unclear voice | No surgery | 9/57 (16) | 1.6 (0.6–4.8) | 0.36 | 1.0 (0.3–3.4) | 0.96 | 1.5 (0.5–4.6) | 0.46 |
| Surgery | 8/34 (24) | |||||||
| Voice influences participation in school or social activities | No surgery | 7/57 (12) | 1.9 (0.6–5.8) | 0.29 | 1.3 (0.4–4.4) | 0.73 | 1.8 (0.5–5.8) | 0.35 |
| Surgery | 7/34 (21) |
N (%) represents proportion who answered affirmative (“A little,” “Moderately,” “A lot more” or “Extremely”) to the following questions: Hoarse voice: “Is the child‘s voice more hoarse compared to other children at the same age? Voice cracks when the child shouts: Does the voice ≪crack≫ when the child shouts?,” Voice influences participation in singing: “Does the voice influence the child‘s participation in singing?,” Problems shouting or talking loudly: “Does the child have problems with shouting or talking with a loud voice?,” Weak or unclear voice: “Is the child‘s voice so weak or unclear that it limits the possibility of being heard in a noisy environment?,” Voice influences participation in school or social activities: “Is the child‘s voice influencing participation in school or regular social activities?.” aOR1, adjusted for total number of days on invasive mechanical ventilation; aOR2, adjusted for gestational age; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus. Values in bold indicates a p-value of less than 0.05.