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. 2020 Apr 14;10:6300. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63405-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Theta power in PL and IL during CS+ and CS− presentation during retrieval in males and females. (A) Wavelet periodograms showing theta (4–12 Hz) power, which is represented by different colors in the adjacent scale bars (dark blue: low power, red: high power), over time during the CS+ and CS−. No obvious qualitative differences in theta power were apparent between the CS+ and CS− in PL (top) or IL (bottom) in males (left) or females (right). (B) In males, theta power averaged over the frequency range and cue duration was significantly increased in response to the CS−, compared to the CS+, in PL and IL (*P < 0.05), whereas there were no differences in theta power between the two cues in females.