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. 2020 Apr 14;10:6398. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62193-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Syncytin-1 expression in preeclampsia patients compared to healthy pregnant controls. (A) EVs from women were analyzed for PLAP expression by Western Blot. Similar levels of PLAP were seen in non-pregnant female controls compared to pregnant women. Presence of flotillin-1 suggested that EVs isolated utilizing methodology detailed yielded nanoparticles enriched in exosomes. The blots were cropped from different gels. (B) Maternal plasma EV samples were analyzed for syncytiotrophoblast protein marker expression by Western blot. Similar levels of PLAP were seen in preeclampsia versus control samples. Lower levels of syncytin-1 were seen in preeclampsia subjects compared to healthy pregnant controls. Canonical exosome marker, flotillin-1, is shown as positive control. The blots were cropped from different parts of the same gel. Normalized values to flotillin-1 are represented for Syncytin-1 and PLAP for pregnant control (red) and preeclampsia subject (blue). (C) RT-PCR analysis of plasma EV mRNA showed similar levels of syncytin-1 in both preeclampsia and control subjects. The blots were cropped from different parts of the same gel.