Table 1.
Overview of the CUP studies evaluating the accuracy of tissue-of-origin prediction with profiling and classical diagnostic methods.
| Study | N | Type of tissue analyzed/analyte | Profiling diagnostic methods | Tissue-of- origin prediction | Classical diagnostic methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tothill et al.90 | 13 | FF/FFPE/RNA | GEP (microarray) | 84% | Clinicopathological features |
| Horlings et al.91 | 38 | FFPE/RNA | GEP (microarray) | 64–94% | Clinicopathological features |
| Bridgewater et al.92 | 21 | FFPE/RNA | GEP (microarray) | 67% | Clinicopathological features |
| Varadhachary et al.93 | 104 | FFPE/RNA | qRT-PCR | 61% | Clinicopathological features |
| Van Laar et al.94 | 13 | FF/FFPE/RNA | GEP (microarray) | 92% | Clinical features |
| Monzon et al.95 | 21 | FF/RNA | GEP (microarray) | 76% | Clinicopathological features |
| Ferracin et al.96 | 16 | FFPE/microRNA | 47-miRNA signatures | 75% | Conventional histology |
| Varadhachary et al.*97 | 87 | FFPE/microRNA | 48-miRNA signatures | 84% | Clinicopathological features |
| Thompson et al.98 | 171 | FFPE/NA | MTP (biotheranostics) | 84% | Conventional histology |
| Fernandez et al.99 | 42 | FF/DNA | Methylation array (1505 CpGs) | 78% | Clinicopathological features |
| Hainsworth et al.100 | 42 | FFPE/RNA | CancerTYPE ID (92-gene qRT PCR) | 54–86% | Clinicopathological features |
| Hainsworth et al.*101 | 252 | FFPE/RNA | CancerTYPE ID (92-gene qRT PCR) | 98% | Clinicopathological features |
| Greco et al.102 | 149 | FFPE/RNA | CancerTYPE ID (92-gene qRT PCR) | 70–77 | Clinicopathological features |
| Ades et al.*103 | 67 | FFPE/RNA | GEP (microarray) (CUPprint) | 82% | Clinicopathological features |
| Sanden et al.104 | 192 | FFPE/microRNA | 64 miR-based array | 86% | Clinicopathological features |
| Mileshkin et al.105 | 58 | FFPE/RNA | GEP (whole-genome expression) | 78% | Conventional histology |
| Tothill et al.106 | 49 | FFPE/RNA | GEP (microarray) | 77% | Conventional histology |
| Moran et al.107 | 216 | FFPE/DNA | DNA methylation microarray (EPICUP) | 87% | Clinicopathological features/autopsy |
| Raghav et al.108 | 1834 | FFPE/RNA | CancerTYPE ID (92-gene qRT PCR) | 94% | Clinicopathological features |
| Mileshkin et al.*109 | 124 | NA/RNA and DNA | 386-gene CCP/CUPguide | 86.6% | Clinicopathological features |
N number of patients with CUP, FF fresh frozen, FFPE formalin fixed paraffin embedded, NA not available.
All studies are retrospective except those marked with *.