Table 2.
Preoperative risk factors and AKI Risk Following Cardiac Valve Replacement Surgery.
| Without SMOTE | With SMOTE | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P Value | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P Value | |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| ≤60 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| 61–75 | 1.442 | 1.193–1.742 | 0.001 | 1.413 | 1.147–1.737 | 0.006 |
| >75 | 2.068 | 1.126–3.704 | 0.044 | 1.284 | 0.590–2.621 | 0.579 |
| Male (%) | 1.949 | 1.635–2.327 | <0.001 | 1.795 | 1.480–2.180 | <0.001 |
| Co-morbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension (%) | 1.571 | 1.287–1.914 | <0.001 | 1.666 | 1.340–2.067 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes Mellitus (%) | 1.563 | 1.083–2.234 | 0.042 | 1.476 | 0.981–2.192 | 0.111 |
| Cerebrovascular Disease (%) | 1.447 | 1.046–1.975 | 0.056 | 1.216 | 0.839–1.729 | 0.372 |
| Obesity (%) | 1.024 | 0.744–1.396 | 0.900 | 0.993 | 0.699–1.396 | 0.974 |
| Surgical Characteristics | ||||||
| Prior Cardiac Surgery (%) | 3.576 | 2.400–5.270 | <0.001 | 3.786 | 2.411–5.865 | <0.001 |
| Emergent Surgery (%) | 0.818 | 0.370–1.683 | 0.662 | 0.883 | 0.367–1.943 | 0.804 |
| Surgery type | ||||||
| Valve replacement only (%) | 0.423 | 0.306–0.588 | <0.001 | 0.402 | 0.282–0.577 | <0.001 |
| Preoperative LVEF | ||||||
| Good (>50.00%) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| Fair (30.01–50.00%) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.948 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.965 |
| Poor (≤30.00%) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.947 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.965 |
| Preoperative eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | ||||||
| ≤30.00 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| 30.01–60.00 | 0.255 | 0.083–0.692 | 0.031 | 0.286 | 0.090–0.827 | 0.059 |
| 60.01–90.00 | 0.095 | 0.031–0.251 | <0.001 | 0.126 | 0.041–0.354 | 0.001 |
| >90.00 | 0.058 | 0.019–0.153 | <0.001 | 0.763 | 0.025–0.214 | <0.001 |
| Preoperative HB (g/L) | ||||||
| ≤100 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| 101–120 | 0.804 | 0.557–1.173 | 0.335 | 0.733 | 0.488–1.114 | 0.215 |
| >120 | 0.572 | 0.409–0.810 | 0.007 | 0.567 | 0.392–0.834 | 0.013 |
| Preoperative INR | ||||||
| ≤0.90 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| 0.91–1.10 | 1.040 | 0.697–1.605 | 0.875 | 0.965 | 0.625–1.547 | 0.897 |
| >1.10 | 1.291 | 0.848–2.024 | 0.334 | 0.076 | 0.739–1.905 | 0.590 |
| Preoperative fibrinogen (g/L) | 1.211 | 1.100–1.333 | 0.001 | 1.212 | 1.089–1.347 | 0.003 |
Abbreviations: synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE); acute kidney injury (AKI); coronary artery bypass graft (CABG); left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR); hemoglobin (HB); international normalized ratio (INR).