Table 4.

Performance of X-ray and MRI architectures on test data. While integrated X-ray pipeline delivers higher accuracy than integrated MRI pipeline, integrated MRI pipeline yields improved sensitivity over integrated X-ray pipeline across all stages of OA, markedly so at no OA. Standard errors used to calculate confidence intervals.

OA status	Image source	Model type	Accuracy (95% CI)	Sensitivity (95% CI)	Specificity (95% CI)	Non-TKR cases	TKR cases
None	X-ray	Non-imaging info. only	89.1 ± 0.139	49.7 ± 2.80	89.3 ± 0.140	2,892	12
		Image only	95.0 ± 0.089	7.8 ± 1.64	95.4 ± 0.089
		Integrated model	95.4 ± 0.081	8.6 ± 1.95	95.8 ± 0.077
	MRI	Non-imaging info. only	89.1 ± 0.139	49.7 ± 2.80	89.3 ± 0.140
		Image only	95.2 ± 0.088	66.9 ± 3.23	95.3 ± 0.089
		Integrated model	82.4 ± 0.171	92.2 ± 1.68	82.4 ± 0.173
Moderate	X-ray	Non-imaging info. only	72.9 ± 0.208	70.0 ± 1.16	73.0 ± 0.212	2,056	83
		Image only	79.9 ± 0.196	66.7 ± 1.23	80.4 ± 0.195
		Integrated model	81.4 ± 0.178	76.0 ± 1.12	81.6 ± 0.179
	MRI	Non-imaging info. only	72.9 ± 0.208	70.0 ± 1.16	73.0 ± 0.212
		Image only	68.8 ± 0.225	78.3 ± 0.952	68.4 ± 0.227
		Integrated model	74.9 ± 0.216	78.9 ± 0.974	74.7 ± 0.228
Severe	X-ray	Non-imaging info. only	51.3 ± 0.744	89.4 ± 0.864	35.8 ± 0.925	141	57
		Image only	32.1 ± 0.714	94.5 ± 0.735	7.2 ± 0.467
		Integrated model	60.5 ± 0.775	64.0 ± 1.57	59.0 ± 0.959
	MRI	Non-imaging info. only	51.3 ± 0.744	89.4 ± 0.864	35.8 ± 0.925
		Image only	34.6 ± 0.775	98.3 ± 0.390	9.2 ± 0.632
		Integrated model	59.6 ± 0.770	84.0 ± 1.03	49.6 ± 1.04
All	X-ray	Non-imaging info. only	81.1 ± 0.118	75.6 ± 0.776	81.2 ± 0.122	5,089	152
		Image only	86.4 ± 0.095	72.5 ± 0.864	86.9 ± 0.095
		Integrated model	88.4 ± 0.094	66.3 ± 0.924	89.1 ± 0.090
	MRI	Non-imaging info. only	81.1 ± 0.118	75.6 ± 0.776	81.2 ± 0.122
		Image only	82.1 ± 0.118	84.9 ± 0.636	82.1 ± 0.119
		Integrated model	78.5 ± 0.134	81.8 ± 0.643	78.4 ± 0.138