Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Features of the Cross-sectional Study Participants
| Characteristic | HIV–TB– | HIV–TB+ | HIV+TB– | HIV+TB+ | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total No. | 32 | 20 | 26 | 23 | |
| Female sex | 14 (43.8) | 7 (35.0) | 15 (57.7) | 9 (39.1) | >.100a |
| Current or former smoker | 17 (53.1) | 10 (50.0) | 9 (34.6) | 9 (39.1) | >.100a |
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 29.0 (23.3–38.8) | 38.0 (30.0–42.8) | 32.5 (28.5–35.3) | 31.0 (28.0–40.0) | .059b |
| CD4 T-cell count, median cells/mL (IQR) | NA | NA | 349 (204–483) | 187 (104–386) | .041 |
| CD4 T-cell %, median (IQR) | NA | NA | 17.8 (12.0–22.3) | 13.7 (9.22–26.3) | .901 |
| HIV viral load, median copies/mL (IQR) | NA | NA | 25 735 (6807–92 169) | 296 196 (13 540–503 097) | .031 |
| Symptomatic | 16 (50.0) | 20 (100) | 10 (38.5) | 23 (100) | |
| Duration of symptoms, d, median (IQR) | 14.0 (4.00–150) | 28.0 (14.0–30.0) | 60.0 (11.3–82.5) | 30.0 (21.0–30.5) | .595c |
| Miliary TB | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (21.7) | .051d |
| Extrapulmonary TB | NA | 3 (15.0) | NA | 10 (43.5) | .054d |
| Smear-positive TB | 0 (0) | 13 (65.0) | 0 (0) | 8 (34.8) | .069d |
| Culture-positive TB | 0 (0) | 10 (50.0) | (0) | 18 (78.3) | .064d |
| Clinical diagnosis of TB | 0 (0) | 3 (15.0) | 0 (0) | 2 (8.70) | .650 |
| Cavitary disease on CXR | 0 (0) | 14 (70.0) | 0 (0) | 9 (39.1) | .067d |
Data are presented as no. (%) unless otherwise indicated. P values <.05 are highlighted in bold.
Abbreviations: +, infected; –, uninfected; CXR, chest radiograph; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; TB, tuberculosis.
aFor comparison between each group by Fisher exact test.
bFor comparison of all groups by Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn multiple comparisons test for a difference between HIV–TB– and HIV–TB+ (P = .033).
cFor comparison of all groups by Kruskal-Wallis test.
dFor comparison between HIV–TB+ and HIV+TB+ by Fisher exact test.