Table 2.
Relationships Between Pre–Antiretroviral Therapy Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics in the Imaging Cohort
| Characteristic | FEV1, % | FVC, % | CAT Score | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | P Value | β(95% CI) | P Value | β (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Female sex, n (%) | −9.0 (−22.6 to 4.6) | .19 | −7.5 (−22.2 to 7.3) | .3 | 3.4 (−.6 to 7.5) | .09 |
| Age, per 10 years | −2.13 (−11.8 to 7.6) | .5 | −1.6 (−12.0 to 8.9) | >.5 | 0.8 (−1.9 to 3.5) | >.5 |
| CD4 count, cells/µl | −0.04 (−.0 to .01) | .10 | −0.05 (−.10 to .003) | .07 | 0.01 (−.002 to .02) | .09 |
| CD4 count >50 cells/µl | −11.5 (−25.9 to 3.0) | .12 | −10.3 (−26.1 to 5.4) | .19 | 4.2 (−.1 to 8.5) | .06 |
| HIV viral load, log10 copies/mL | 0.0 (−7.1 to 7.1) | >.5 | 1.0 (−6.7 to 8.6) | >.5 | 0.0 (−1.7 to 1.6) | >.5 |
| Body mass index | 1.3 (−.76 to 3.4) | .21 | 2.2 (.04–4.3) | .05 | −0.5 (−1.1 to .1) | .08 |
| Days between TB treatment initiation and ART initiation, per day | 0.03 (−.37 to .43) | >.5 | 0.08 (−.34 to .51) | >.5 | −0.05 (−.17 to .1) | .4 |
| Sputum culture positive | −10.0 (−23.6 to 3.8) | .15 | −10.5 (−25.3 to 4.2) | .16 | 5.2 (1.3–9.1) | .01 |
| Ever smoked | 3.7 (−10.7 to 18.1) | >.5 | 0.5 (−15.0 to 16.0) | >.5 | −0.7 (−5.0 to 3.7) | >.5 |
| Percent of lung involved, per 10 percentage point increase | −6.1 (−9.1 to −3.2) | <.001 | −6.7 (−9.9 to −3.5) | <.001 | 1.8 (1.0–2.8) | <.001 |
| Cavitation on CT scan | −5.3 (−20.0 to 9.6) | .5 | −7.6 (−23.5 to 8.3) | .3 | 5.6 (1.6–9.5) | .007 |
| Mean SUV, per 1 unit increase | −9.0 (−17.3 to −.8) | .03 | −8.8 (−17.8 to .2) | .06 | 1.2 (−1.3 to 3.7) | .3 |
| Max SUV, per 1 unit increase | −1.0 (−2.2 to .3) | .12 | −0.9 (−2.2 to .5) | .2 | 0.2 (−.2 to .6) | .2 |
| CT hard volume, per 10 mL higher | −0.8 (−1.3 to −.2) | .01 | −0.9 (−1.5 to −.3) | .007 | 0.1 (−.0 to .3) | .09 |
| Region of interest volume, per 100 mL higher | −1.8 (−3.1 to −.5) | .01 | −2.0 (−3.4 to −.6) | .007 | 0.6 (.2–1.0) | .004 |
| Total lung glycolytic activity, per 500 units higher | −2.8 (−5.0 to −.7) | .01 | −3.1 (−5.5 to −.8) | .01 | 0.6 (−.03 to 1.3) | .06 |
| Log10 total lung glycolytic activity, per 1 log10 higher | −18.0 (−28.8 to −7.1) | .002 | −18.1 (−30.0 to −6.2) | .004 | 4.3 (1.3–7.3) | .005 |
Data are from adults with HIV and pulmonary TB, for lung function (n = 38) and respiratory symptoms (n = 48). Shown are the β coefficient and 95% CI from a multivariable linear regression model. The β coefficient provides an estimate of the effect of a change of a certain magnitude in the parameter on the change in lung function or symptoms.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CAT, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test; CI, confidence interval; CT, computed tomography; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; SUV, standard uptake value; TB, tuberculosis.