Table 4.

Relationships Between Changes in Purified Protein Derivative–specific CD4 T-Cell Type and Lung Total Glycolytic Activity in the Imaging Cohort

PPD-specific CD4 T-cell Type, Change From Baseline to Week 4 of ART	Association With Change in Lung TGA on ART		Association With Change in Lung TGA on ART, Adjusted for Time to ART Initiation
	β (95% CI)	P Value	β (95% CI)	P Value
Total TNF-α + CD4 T-cells	353.8 (20.3–687.3)	.04	239.7 (−153.7 to 633.1)	.22
Total IFN-γ + CD4 T-cells	981.4 (39.6–1923.3)	.04	701.6 (−308.7 to 1712.0)	.16
TNF-α +IFN-γ + double-positive CD4 T-cells	1834.6 (313.4–3355.8)	.02	1409.2 (−236.8 to 3055.2)	.09
TNF-α + single-positive CD4 T-cells	353.6 (−61.9 to 769.2)	.09	200.8 (−268.5 to 670.0	.38

Data are from baseline to Week 4 post-ART changes in lung TGA among adults with HIV and pulmonary TB (n = 30). All estimates are adjusted for baseline lung TGA, baseline CD4 count and pre-ART HIV viral load. Each β coefficient estimate effect of 1% change in cell type on change in lung TGA from baseline to Week 4 of ART.

Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IFN-γ, interferon gamma; PPD, purified protein derivative; TB, tuberculosis; TGA, total glycolytic activity; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.