Comparison 5. Effect modification subgroup analysis: type of outcomes.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Patient‐reported outcomes that are non‐observable	12	2393	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.95 [0.84, 1.06]
2 Patient‐reported outcomes that are observable	19	1653	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.92 [0.82, 1.02]
3 Observer‐reported outcomes involving patient's cooperation	4	144	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.92 [0.77, 1.09]
4 Observer‐reported outcomes not involving patient's cooperation	5	428	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.92 [0.80, 1.06]
5 Laboratory outcomes	4	1423	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.93 [0.74, 1.17]
6 Patient‐reported outcomes that are non‐observable	83	6004	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.28 [‐0.36, ‐0.20]
7 Patient‐reported outcomes that are observable	26	1996	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.21 [‐0.31, ‐0.11]
8 Observer‐reported outcomes involving patient's cooperation	22	878	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.26 [‐0.41, ‐0.12]
9 Observer‐reported outcomes not involving patient's cooperation	22	906	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.12 [‐0.29, 0.05]
10 Laboratory outcomes	5	729	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.16 [0.01, 0.30]