| Methods |
Design: three group parallel trial
Purpose: examine the effect of biofeedback on arterial hypertension |
| Participants |
Patients: out‐patients with essential arterial hypertension
Baseline comparability: yes |
| Interventions |
Placebo: sessions of discussions of past and present problems with no behavioural techniques taught
Untreated: no sessions
Experimental: training sessions for behavioural techniques
(Co‐intervention: NS) |
| Outcomes |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)
Multiple personality, depression and activity tests |
| Notes |
|
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Adequate sequence generation? |
Low risk |
'random number table' |
| Allocation concealment? |
Unclear risk |
NS |
| Blinding?
Treatment provider |
High risk |
Not described as double‐blind (placebo/biofeedback) |
| Blinding?
Outcome assessor |
Low risk |
'... nurses (who was blind to the patient's experimental status)...' |
| Incomplete outcome data addressed?
All outcomes |
High risk |
Drop‐out > 15% or NS |
| Free of selective reporting? |
Unclear risk |
No protocol available |
| Free of other bias? |
Low risk |
|
| No signs of variance inequality or skewness? |
Low risk |
No variance inequality (F‐test not statistically significant) and no skewness (1.64 standard deviations does not exceed the mean) |
| Trial size > 49? |
High risk |
N = 15 |
| Clearly concealed allocation + trial size > 49 + drop‐out max 15% |
High risk |
Trial size < 49 |
